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FRAGILITY AS A TOPICAL NURSING PROBLEM
ŽÁKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Introduction: Frailty within geriatrics is still more viewed as a current problem in the world than in the Czech Republic and it is more commonly mentioned. We can say that in the Czech Republic this problematic is still developing, updates and is trying to find its place in nursing as such. Objective: The objective of the presented thesis is to find out if frailty is perceived as a current problematic in the current geriatric nursing. Further, we focused on the geriatric nursing and specifics of nursing care in this field; on what is the awareness of medical staff at aftercare department about geriatric frailty and in which way, within nursing care, they apply their gained knowledge in practice. Methodology and research sample: To achieve the set objective the qualitative research conducted using the technique of semi-structured interview with nurses at aftercare department was used. The basis of this interview was 24 open questions which were predetermined and are documented in attachments (attachment 1) of the thesis. During the interview these questions were extended as needed by additional questions. The interviews were conducted with 10 general nurses at aftercare department of one unnamed South Bohemian hospital. The analysis of interviews was done using open coding paper-and-pencil and the individual information were classified into categories and subcategories. The results grant us comprehensive overview on the nursing care at aftercare departments within the geriatric nursing, utilization of knowledge of nurses about geriatric frailty within their practice and whether nurses perceive the concepts such as geriatric patient, geriatric syndromes and the already mentioned geriatric frailty. It was found out that some addressed nurses at aftercare department of one unnamed South Bohemian hospital never heard some of the mentioned terms and never registered them during their practice either. Other nurses say that they only heard those terms during their college studies, but they also agree that they never met them during their practice. Despite that, all nurses were able to accurately and aptly characterize the terms geriatric patient, geriatric syndromes and geriatric frailty based on their experience and knowledge. Furthermore, it was proven that they realize frailty during the care for patient and can apply their knowledge in nursing care. Conclusion and practical use: The results of the submitted thesis will serve as a template for educational seminar.
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Role sestry v péči o pacienta se zánětem centrálního nervového systému
KUČAVOVÁ, Kristýna
The topic of this bachelor thesis is ´The Nurse´s Role in Cring for Patients Suffering from the Inflammation of the Central Nervous System´. Its objective was to map out the nursing care from the perspective of both, the nurse and the patient. The theoretical part is focused on the physiology and anatomy of the central nervous system as well as infectious agents. The inflammation of the central nervous system may also be called the neuroinfection. The theoretical part is terminated by the problem of nursing care for infectious patients. The research part was processed based on a qualitative survey. The following five research questions were posed: 1. What are the nurse´s roles in caring for a patient suffering from the inflammation of central neural system? 2. What are the specifics of nursing patients suffering from the inflammation of the central neural system? 3. How do nurses perceive the quality of life in patients having suffered the inflammation of the central neural system? 4. How do patients perceive the quality of their own life having suffered the inflammation of the central nervous system? 5. What are the nurse´s roles in taking care for a patient suffering the inflammation of the central nervous system from the patient´s perspective? Data collection was implemented using semi-structured interviews that were implemented together with the nurses from the ICU Infectious Department and with the patients suffering from the inflammation of the central nervous system. The interviewed patients suffered different inflammations of the central nervous system. The research was implemented during June 2021 and it was terminated at the moment of theoretical saturation. From the results of the survey, it is clear that the nurse is a nurse - adviser, communicator, and their support for the patients at their difficult times. From the nurses´ testimonies it was clear that the nursing care for a patient suffering from the inflammation of the central nervous system largely consists of not only nursing care but also communication with the patient and their family who need to have the support in someone at such a difficult period of time. From the nurses´ testimonies, it was also clear that patients were also offered the professional help of either a psychologist or a psychiatrist.
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Specifics of nursing care for patients with Parkinson's disease
JELÍNKOVÁ, Veronika
Theoretical part: In the theoretical part I describe diagnostics, symptoms, causes and treatment of Parkinson's disease. I deal with care for patients with Parkinson's disease and different specifics of this disease that are connected with it. It is mentioned home care for these patients, too. Research questions and objectives: In the practical part I focus on specifics of home care for patients with this disease. In order to achieve these objectives, the following research questions framed this study: There have been set two research questions in this bachelor thesis: 1. What do nurses think about home care for patients with Parkinson's disease? 2. What do patients suffering from this disease think about home care? Methodology: It is elaborated by a qualitative method survey. The data were collected by means of an interview with nurses and patients. The interview consisted of 16 questions for nurses and 17 questions for patients. The individual answers from nurses and patients were written down word for word and analysed. I asked three home care agencies for their help with my survey but two of them weren't able to help me due to lack of patients with Parkinson's disease. 5 patients were asked for interview, but one of them didn't agree with it and the next one wasn't able to be interviewed due to dementia. Patients and nurses were interviewed in a home care agency or at their homes in Vysočina region. Findings: Survey results were divided into 6 categories and 1 subcategory. The category called "Nurse Education" was extended of a subcategory "Self-education of nurses". The interviews with patients were divided into 5 categories and 1 subcategory. The category called "Nurse and patients" was extended of a subcategory "Nursing errors". The results showed that the nurses emphasized the importance of nurse kindness, understanding, rehabilitation and communication skills with patients and their families. According to the survey the patient-centred care approach is very important. This approach focuses on people's individual needs. It is showed that nurses are well educated in this issue and that patients have positive experience of nursing care. Patients appreciate nurses treating. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the home car is very important for patient peace of mind. On the one hand nurses emphasized the importance of rehabilitation, communication skills and familiarity with this disease but on the other hand nobody mentioned the importance of taking medications correctly before meals and prevention of constipation. The results of this bachelor thesis will be used as a feedback for nurses working with patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and it can be used for medical students, too.
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Nursing care for HIV positive client at Czech Republic and in Namibia.
FINTOVÁ, Eliška
Current status HIV Virus - Human Immune Deficiency Virus (which means a virus that causes a loss of immunity in humans) is the cause of AIDS disease, an abbreviation of the English name Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, which expresses the nature of the disease. This disease was first recognized in the US in 1981. Currently, there are no medications able to remove the virus from the body. The HIV virus is most often transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood and breast milk. The treatment of HIV-positive patients has its specific characteristics that minimize the risk of transmission of infection to healthcare workers. The objective and Research Questions The object of this bachelor thesis was to find out how nurses take care about HIV positive patients in Czech Republic and how nurses take care of these patients in Namibia. The following research questions have been identified for these objectives. What is the difference between a HIV-positive patient at a specialized workplace and in normal departments? How do nurses progress on urgent incomes while treating an HIV-positive patinet? How nurses follow barrier nursing care when touching an HIV positive patient? How do they treat HIV-positive patient at the České Budějovice Hospital? How do they treat HIV-positive patient in Namibia? Methods The research part of this bachelor thesis was elaborated by the method of qualitative research. The data collection was performed by a deep-structured interview technique. The interview was attended by ten nurses, five from Czech Republic and five from Namibia. Results Research has shown that nurses in Namibia, where HIV and AIDS are far more widespread, but also in the Czech Republic, have very good theoretical and practical skills. The main difference is that Namibian nurses have much more experience with HIV-positive patients. Some departments have a registry of HIV-positive clients, which, for example, is missing in the hospital in České Budějovice. Namibian nurses' answers show that they would not panic in case of contact with infected biological material. On the otherside, some Czech nurses admit that in that case they could panic. However, Czech and Namibian nurses have demonstrated the same, high level of knowledge and ability in interview
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Nursing care of patients with skin disease from vascular causes.
DŽURNÁ, Markéta
Dermatological diseases are often connected with vascular system disorders. The vascular system of lower limbs is often disturbed. For our work were chosen 2 goals. The first goal was to find out the specifics of nursing care with chosen dermatological diseases caused by vascular disturbances. The second goal was to find out the most common problems with the nursing of the patients with chosen dermatological disease from vascular causes. On the basis of the goals, three research questions were created. The first research question was targeted on the nurses and the patients What are the specifics of nursing care of the patients with chosen dermatological diseases from vascular causes? The second research question was joint for both nurses and patients as well What are the most common problems with the patients with chosen dermatological diseases from vascular causes? The third research question was targeted only on the nurses On which fields of the nursing work do the nurses focus, when it comes to the patients of chosen dermatological diseases from vascular causes? For the evaluation of the outcomes was used a qualitative research method of semi structured interviews. For the interviews were selected patients afflicted with gaskin ulcers and the nurses treating these patients. After obtaining the information regarding the gaskin ulcers and verification on specific medical cases it was identified that the main problems for the patients were pain, secretion from the wound, smell and swelling. It also was identified that the specifics of nursing care according to the interviewed nurses were in the approach to re-dressing the wounds, in taking care of the patient's pain, correct patient's and family's education and in a psychological support for the patient. In my opinion it is important to pay attention to the social and cultural impact on the patients because it was proven that the patients suffer from sleep disorders, social isolation and feeling inferior to others. The thesis is going to serve as an information source for the students of professional subjects in non-medical fields.
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Specifics of nursing care for patients with Parkinson's disease
BIREŠOVÁ, Zdeňka
Abstract Theoretical part: Parkinson disease is exacting nervous system illness with big impact into patient´s live. Importance lays in nursing care into which general nurses should pay attention. Thesis goal: In research part were chosen two goals. First one was to find out the current state of nursing care for the patients with Parkinson disease. The second goal was to find out what are the specifics in the care for Parkinson disease patients. Method of the research and research group: For the research part was chosen the method of quantitative research with interviewing the patients with Parkinson disease and general nurses who are working at the neurology department. The method of semi-structured interview was used for gaining the necessary information. The research group was made from 8clients with Parkinson disease and 10 general nurses from neurology department. All gained information were word-by-word retyped and with the pen and paper method sorted to the relevant categories. Results: We have found out the misconduct at the doctor side which consists in lack of the information given to the patient about the disease from patient´s research results. The general nurses patiently and unselfishly proved the knowledge of nurse care specifics, importance in regular medicament serving and were support for patients with Parkinson disease. From nurse´s research results concluded that they have very good knowledge about Parkinson disease, however follow up education do not consider that important. Conclusion: From the gained results was find out that general nurses at the neurology department are serving the medicaments to hospitalized patients according their schedule. For patient is most important to have full information, communication, motivation, patience and consideration of the medical personnel to their slower pace. Patients said that it would be convenient if doctors would be more specialized in this disease. Result of this bachelor thesis is to have enough time for patients with Parkinson disease and good knowledge of nursing care specific. Thesis can be used for patients, medics, family member and wide public.
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Nursing care of patients with sicca syndrome
STRŽÍNKOVÁ, Šárka
The bachelor thesis is aimed at the nursing care of the patients with the sicca syndrome. The sicca syndrome is illness which is divided into primary and secondary syndrome. The primary syndrome is separated illness which can be also named "sicca syndrome". The secondary syndrome is usually connected to another disease. More frequently women than men, in most cases women in age from 40 to 56, are afflicted by the disease. A cause of the disease has not been known but could be related to age, hormones, medicaments or various eye diseases. The sicca syndrome patients are often afflicted for all their life. Main therapy of the sicca syndrome patients are men-made teardrops, which are used by patients according to their own needs. The nursing care of the sicca syndrome patients is primarily focused on home car. Therefore it is important to patients have enough information of regime precaution. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The research part was aimed on differences of the nursing care. They were set two objects of our research according to the subject of the thesis. The task of the bachelor thesis was to find the differences of the nursing care of sicca syndrome patients. According to the aim we set three research questions: What are the differences of the sicca syndrome nursing care? What information do the sicca syndrome patients have? How do the patients keep the regime at home? This thesis used qualitative research. Data were collected by a semi-structured interview. The research was performed on eight sicca syndrome patients. The research was realized in March and April 2015. The patients were interviewed by fifteen questions which were supplemented by additional sub-questions during the interview. Qualitative data were analyzed and grouped into categorized groups and then evaluated. Based on the results of the research it was made material, which gives basic information of the disease for nurses. The material should be published at the eye specialists or eye departments as well as rheumatology departments. It should help nurses to know what is the nursing care of the sicca syndrome patients in case of their hospital admission.
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Specifics of nursing care of patients with hemophilia
HOUSKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The topic is the specificities of nursing care of patients with hemophilia. The aim of theoretical part is to sum up in detail the issues connected to inherited coagulopathy, in this case hemophilia. It provides and discusses the definition, severity, causes, manifestations, diagnosis, complications, and therapy of the given disorder. Nursing care is an area not to be omitted when discussing hemophilia, especially due to the character of the disorder, which is highly specific and includes complex care. The empirical part of this bachelor thesis is based on the results of conducted qualitative research. The main goal of this research is to identify the specificities of nursing care of patients with hemophilia, including their specific needs. Further, this research sets to identify in what way are people diagnosed with hemophilia affected by this disorder. For this purpose, three targets were selected. First target is connected to the specific needs of the hemophiliacs. Second target is to map which parts of daily life of the patients are most influenced by hemophilia. Third and the last target cover the specificities connected directly to the nursing care of patients with hemophilia. The research questions were devised according to the aforementioned targets. Semi-structured interviews were used as the qualitative research method in order to fulfill the set targets. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two peer groups, first group chosen for the purpose of this research were five nurses with experience in care of patients with hemophilia. Second group interviewed comprised of five hemophiliacs. The semi-structured interviews with the nurses aimed to identify the specificities of nursing care of patients with hemophilia, including their needs. The interviewees with hemophilia were asked mostly about their activity in daily life. The interviews were recorded and afterwards manually transcribed. Interviews were properly coded and categorized into specially devised categories. The results of the conducted research show that all the nurses identified as the most important specificity in nursing care of patients with hemophilia regular application of coagulation factor, which is usually done twice a week. However, they further note that during hospitalization, in most cases the time interval is shorter between individual applications. This is due to the planned procedures. The research concludes that due to the character of the disorder such as hemophilia, it is necessary to check on the patient more frequently in his room and monitor bleedingand last but not least the pain. All the nurses further stated that pain is one of the most important factors connected to fatigue. Therefore, heighten need for sleep can be observed in patients with hemophilia. A significant specificity in nursing care of patients with hemophilia, pointed out by the nurses, is that no intermuscular injection can be applied to such patients due to the high risk of bleeding into the muscle. Another contradiction is administration of drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid, which has a negative impact on aggregation of blood cells. All the nurses agreed that in terms of hygiene it is crucial to consider joint stiffness and their swelling, which are often accompanied by strong pain. Pain was also noted by many respondents as a factor that most often have a negative influence on their daily life activities. Contact sports or extreme sports are unsuitable for such patients, as they involve high risk of injury and consequent open or inner bleeding. Further, the respondents felt limited in terms of possible career choices, affected by their bleeding disorders. Based on this research an informational pamphlet was created. This pamphlet can be used as a source of basic information for patients with hemophilia and people close to them as well as for students of medical courses.
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Specific features of nursing care of obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína
The occurrence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity in the population has been continually increasing. This phenomenon has been obvious particularly among ever younger age groups. At the end of 2010 the number of registered type 2 diabetics in the Czech Republic was 739 859. The percentage of obese adult population in the Czech Republic is approximately 35 %. This means that the Czech Republic holds a leading position in obesity occurrence. Treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 are based on the same principles. Meanwhile, weight reduction improves compensation of diabetes. The care of obese diabetics is highly specific and therefore requires a closer attention. It is important to emphasize which of the specific features of the care are the most significant. Specific features in the care of obese patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 include particularly education about dietary measures, physical activity and complicating conditions about which type 2 obese diabetics should be informed. The following two objectives were established based on the above-mentioned facts. The first objective was to map specific features of nursing care of obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The second objective was to map the knowledge of obese diabetics about the regimen measures associated with their disease. Both the objectives have been met. The research efforts were divided into two parts. A qualitative survey was used to meet the first objective through a structured interview method. The interviews were conducted with seven nurses from the South Bohemian region involved in the care of those patients. The interview investigated specific features of the care of obese type 2 diabetics. A quantitative questionnaire survey was used to meet the second objective. The questionnaire was intended for obese type 2 diabetics. The number of distributed questionnaires for the research survey was 100. The purpose of the questionnaire was to verify knowledge of and adherence to regimen measures among the patients. The surveyed patients were selected in surgeries of specialist physicians, two hospitals and a senior citizen home in the South Bohemian region. The results have shown that patients are familiar with regimen measures associated with their disease and that they adhere to them. Further, the results have shown that specific features in the nursing care of obese patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 include particularly education of nurses about dietary measures, education about physical activity and education about acute conditions connected with acute complications of diabetes and about anti-stress techniques or psychotherapy.The thesis will serve as a document monitoring specific features of the care of obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and will help not only to students interested in the topic but also to all other interested individuals. Another output of the thesis is an information leaflet intended for type 2 obese diabetics.
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Specific nursing care about a patient with postherpetic neuralgia
RADOVÁ, Ludmila
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a still widespread viral disease caused by the varicella virus, the same as that responsible for chicken pox, and similarly contagious. Any case of the disease is a strong reason to see a doctor immediately, since proper treatment started in good time can prevent complications. The clients are administered primarily antiviral drugs supported by analgesics to kill the pain. The concomitant blisterlike eruption is treated with liquid powder.In case the treatment is neglected or the medical help sought belatedly, the disease already cured can entail so-called postherpetic neuralgia, a pain that the sufferers describe as shooting, searing, unbearable and persistent. It is a chronic condition attributable to the nervous system and difficult to cure. The disease develops in about 20% of population. The pain is considered postherpetic when it lasts longer than 4 weeks. No exact cause of the pain is known yet, but the experts may ascribe it, for example, to the late beginning of treatment; to improper therapy; or to an overdue appearance at a medical office in case the pain persists. This subject was chosen for the paper since the author encountered several cases of the neuralgia when working at an Outpatient's Department for Neurology. Moreover, the author did not succeed in finding the subject directly addressed in literature, which is true particularly of the specific nursing care.For that reason the author has chosen as Objective 1 to map the specific features of nursing care given to patients suffering the postherpetic neuralgia and as Objective 2 to make an inquiry into the role that nurses can play in the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. The research questions then followed from the Objectives. Question 1: What are the specific features of nursing care delivered to postherpetic neuralgia patients? Question 2: Which role can a nurse fulfill in the prevention of postherpetic neuralgias? The Bachelor paper relied on the qualitative method of investigation applied through guided interviews and observation. Thus interviewed were two research sets: one consisting of 5 nurses from the Pain-Relief O.D. or the Neurology O.D., and another comprising 5 clients attending the Outpatient's Departments. The interviews were conducted so as to receive answers to the research questions.Interviews carried out with the nurses brought about a wealth of information useful in developing special methods of nursing clients with postherpetic neuralgia as regards the care of skin; imparting infection-related information; assessment of pain; care of mental condition; and the dietary regimen of the clients. All items of information thus obtained were verified in interviews conducted with the clients.This research question yielded the following findings: nurses engaged in the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia should consistently keep the clients informed, educated and instructed in the proper and regular use of medicines, in the importance of adherence to the prescribed treatment, and in any other regimen measures. Equally important is a timely appearance at a doctor's office, both when the blisters start erupting and when the pain does not stop.Information acquired in the survey could serve to improve the quality of nursing care provided to clients suffering the postherpetic neuralgia.
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