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Assembly rules in plant communities
ŠVAMBERKOVÁ, Eva
Understanding the mechanisms of species co-occurrence in plant communities and determining the most important drivers of community assembly is one of the central questions in community ecology. Problematics of assembly rules is relatively difficult and most of the studies are based on null models, simulations, or observational methods rather than on experimental approach. This thesis focused on an experimental approach which can clarify many ecological mechanisms contributing to answer many questions related to assembly rules concept. Research in this thesis was focused both on stochastic and deterministic processes influencing the species community composition. Adding seeds or transplants of different species (including also the non-resident species) into community and also into plots with restricted competition and monitoring their establishment and survival for several years, the research highlighted the important role of priority effects on species community composition, the importance of the biotic filter as one of the main drivers in composition of meadow species and suggested that species composition is necessary to compare with the appropriately defined species pool. Research in this thesis also compared different estimation methods of species pool assessment with experimentally determined species pool trying to find the most appropriate possibility of the estimation of species pool.
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Species traits determining species composition on abandoned fields
Jarošíková, Cecílie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klimešová, Jitka (referee)
Though succession is a widely studied process, there are only a few reports dealing with changes in plant functional types in the course of succession. Even fewer studies are dealing with agricultural, wet meadows, which are under continuous impact of mowing. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. The studied area is situated in south part of CHKO Slavkovský Les (region of Karlovy Vary, West Bohemia). In previous works grasslands on arable field after 15, 35 and 55 years after abandoned and continual grasslands in last 100 years were detected from historical agriculture maps. The releves on all types of grassland were made and the species pool was investigated. I this work I investigate the functional types and live-history traits of these species and I also look for Ellenberger values and changes of abiotic environment. The result suggests that the late - successional species are long-lived and have slower live cycle (they mature later). Their seeds are less persistent and have worse dispersal ability. Their seedlings are more viable and the species invest more to aboveground biomass than to underground. Late-successional species also flower earlier and shorter time, what seems to be an adaptation to mowing. I found no relationship between successional age in which the species occur and seed mass,...
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Species traits determining species composition on abandoned fields
Jarošíková, Cecílie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klimešová, Jitka (referee)
Though succession is a widely studied process, there are only a few reports dealing with changes in plant functional types in the course of succession. Even fewer studies are dealing with agricultural, wet meadows, which are under continuous impact of mowing. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. The studied area is situated in south part of CHKO Slavkovský Les (region of Karlovy Vary, West Bohemia). In previous works grasslands on arable field after 15, 35 and 55 years after abandoned and continual grasslands in last 100 years were detected from historical agriculture maps. The releves on all types of grassland were made and the species pool was investigated. I this work I investigate the functional types and live-history traits of these species and I also look for Ellenberger values and changes of abiotic environment. The result suggests that the late - successional species are long-lived and have slower live cycle (they mature later). Their seeds are less persistent and have worse dispersal ability. Their seedlings are more viable and the species invest more to aboveground biomass than to underground. Late-successional species also flower earlier and shorter time, what seems to be an adaptation to mowing. I found no relationship between successional age in which the species occur and seed mass,...
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Experimental assessment of the role of biotic interactions in community species pool delimitation
ŠVAMBERKOVÁ, Eva
Seed addition experiment was conducted on the moisture gradient with aim to demonstrate that many species not accounted by current measures of species pools in a site should be included because they are in fact able to establish successfully if biotic filter is removed. Transplant experiment was established to compare the sensitivity of seedling recruitment and survival of transplants in the field. Recruitment of seedlings in field was observed and compared with germination of seeds under different chilling treatments in laboratory.
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Restoration of hay meadows on ex-arable land: commercial seed mixtures vs. spontaneous succession.
VÍTOVCOVÁ, Kamila
The subject of this study were to compare two methods of grassland restoration - regrassing and spontaneous revegetating of abandoned fields in the Bohemian Forest foothills. The main aims of this study were to assess the phytocoenose differences between the re-grassed and spontaneously revegetated fields and effect of surrounding to abandoned field. The data were collected during the season 2008 and were analyzed by ordination methods (DCA, CCA) and by the ANCOVA. The significant difference between regrassed and naturally revegetated fields was not found. The effect of surrounding was important, most meadow species (92% in average)that were found in the field occurring in the surroundings too.
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