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Vliv povrchové aplikace hnoje na produkci a kvalitu píce travních porostů v Bílých Karpatech
Musilová, Aneta
The diploma thesis is devoted to the possible influence of farmyard manure on low-production grasslands in the area of Vojšické louky in the White Carpathians. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of farmyard manure on the species diversity and yield of grasslands after three years of its application. The yield and the quality of the grass cover were higher on the fertilized areas. In total, there were 95 species of higher plants on the experimental plots. Festuca rubra L. and Festuca rupicola Heuff were the most represented, Vicia hirsuta L. from the Fabaceae family and Fragaria viridis Weston from the other herbs. Of the sown clovers, Astragalus cicer L. and Lathyrus latifolius L. appeared with minimal representation. In autumn, manure was applied at a dose of 20 t.ha-1, after three years there was a significant increase in the yield on the fertilized area to 2.03 t.ha- 1 compared to the control area 1.66 t.ha-1. There was also a significant increase in the content of crude protein on the fertilized area. A correlation was found between the proportion of clovers and the content of crude protein in the dry matter. A correlation was also found between compressed stand height (rising plate meter) and forage yield.
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Ambrosia galls - neglected model of fungus farming evolution
Zelinková, Barbora ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janšta, Petr (referee)
Ambrosia galls are a unique type of insect gall created by Cecidomyiidae gall midges. Their association with a fungal symbiont, which forms a layer of ambrosia mycelium inside the gall is unique and reminiscent of fungal farming in other insect groups. To date, not much research has been done on the individual components of ambrosia galls: the galling insect, the symbiotic fungus, and the host plant. This paper provides an insight into fungal farming insects, a description of the ambrosia gall midges and their fungal symbiont, an overview of the mechanisms of each component on gall initiation and the relationships between them, and finally, explores the possible influence of fungal secondary metabolites. The bachelor thesis puts into context long-known and newly acquired information on the mutual interactions and shows that the previously accepted functions are not precise and that each component of the ambrosia gall is partially involved in its formation. Key words: ambrosia gall midges, nutritive mycelium, fungus farming, host specialization, species diversity, phyto-mycophagy, trophic interactions, Cecidomyiidae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, secondary metabolites
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Ecological aesthetics of freshwater wetlands: the importance of environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity
Hájková, Tereza ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Chobot, Karel (referee)
Ecological aesthetics study landscapes through different interactions of ecological and aesthetical properties of different environments. Ecological aesthetic of wetlands are quite specific, their ecological value can be extremely high, and they bring people many benefits Despite that, wetland ecosystems can be viewed quite negatively. Wetlands support a large number of species, some of which are wetland-dependant species. Wetlands are very variable, and they can have interesting spatial diversity. Environmental heterogeneity encapsulates both these properties of a landscapes, aesthetic, as well as ecological. And that is the reason why it is a crucial aspect of ecological aesthetic.
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Plevele polních plodin pěstovaných ve vybrané lokalitě východních Čech
Hroch, Josef
The diplom thesis deals with the characterization of the agricultural enterprise AGROSPOL Bolehost, a.s., its system of growing cereals and other crops and their weed infestation. The infestation was observed in the following crops: winter wheat, spring wheat, maize, peas, winter rape, sugar beet and white cabbage. The most numerous weeds found in the crops are Amaranthus retroflexus, Bromus sterilis, Capsella bursa‑pastoris, Echinochloa crus‑galli, Elytrigia repens, Galinsoga parviflora, Geranium pusillum, Chenopodium album, Lolium perenne, Mentha arvensis, Poa annua, Silene latifolia, Triplerospermum inodorum.
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Diverzita a fylogenetické vztahy hlodavců v horských oblastech východní Afriky
KRÁSOVÁ, Jarmila
The Eastern Afromontane region of Africa is characterized by striking levels of endemism and species richness. Therefore, it was recognized as the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (EAMBH) with numerous endemic plants and animals including mammals. Some parts of EAMBH (e.g. Ethiopian Highlands) are still under-represented in terms of biodiversity research in comparison with areas where sampling was relatively intensive in the last decades (e.g. Albertine Rift). This thesis describes genetic diversity, evolutionary history and taxonomy of several rodent species inhabiting mountain areas of Eastern Africa and Angola with a special focus on neglected areas such as Ethiopian and Angolan Highlands. Molecular-genetic analyses detected considerably higher diversity of small mammals than previously expected. Several candidates for new species were suggested and some of them also formally described based on phylogenetic and morphometric analyses. Molecular dating placed most of the diversifications into the eras of Pliocene and Pleistocene confirming the hypothesis that Plio-Pleistocene climate fluctuations together with topographically diverse landscape of Eastern Africa contributed to the high level of species diversity observed today.
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Environmental factors determining the occurrence of dry grassland vegetation in Turnov region
Jagošová, Eliška ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Větvičková, Anna (referee)
Species diversity of vegetation is a result of not only present, but also past processes. Additionally vegetation is affected by local factors, as well as regional. Dry grasslands are significant due to their abundance of species. Farming and land-use changes lead to succession changes and subsequently also to changes in species diversity. The gradual degradation of habitats leads to a loss of species diversity, therefore, dry grasslands are becoming one of the most endangered vegetation types of Central Europe. The first part of this thesis focuses on dry grasslands in general. It presents the characteristics of this vegetation type, factors determining its occurrence and spread, historical context, threats, and possibilities of their protection. The second part focuses on evaluating the knowledge about dry grasslands in the region of Turnovská pahorkatina. The occurrence of this vegetation type within the framework of this region is marginal and centred only in specific habitats. This thesis also includes data about the occurrence of dry grasslands in the region of Turnovská pahorkatina and the characteristic of the natural conditions and historical development of these localities. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to find out which of the factors affect the occurrence of dry grasslands in a...
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