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Influence of Inert Gases on Characteristic Parameters of Combustion Process
Hudák, Igor ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Odstrčil, Miloslav (referee) ; Hájek, Jiří (advisor)
The dissertation thesis is focused on the investigation of the influence of inert gases on characteristic parameters of the combustion process. Inert gases are usually standard components of alternative gaseous fuels such as the producer gas, coal gas or biogas. For a long period some of the fuels were considered as waste gases and their potential was not sufficiently utilised. Compared with noble fuels such as natural gas, alternative fuels have different physical-chemical properties. For example, their lower heating value (LHV) can be lower even than 10 MJ/mN3. The composition of the alternative gaseous fuels can be various during their production process. Lower LHV is a result of the occurrence of inert gases that does not take a part in the combustion reactions. Inert gases have the ability to accumulate the heat. Under certain conditions it is possible to combust alternative fuels on conventional burners, but due to their different properties, problems can occur during the combustion. E.g. to achieve the same heat output as with the noble fuel, it is necessary to burn bigger volume of the alternative fuel. However, the limiting factor could be the burner's head geometry. Theoretical introduction of the thesis summarizes research results in the field of low calorific gaseous fuels combustion and the addition of inert gases into the noble fuels. The thesis also describes the mechanisms of the NOx formation and summarizes techniques which can be used to reduce NOx formation. Furthermore, fuels from alternative sources are categorized and described, including their composition and characteristics. Their physical-chemical properties were obtained by means of the combustion simulation carried out in the simulation software. Two devices had to be designed and manufactured to fulfil goals of the dissertation thesis. The first is a gas mixing station capable of mixing 4 different components. The second device is a burner utilized for the combustion of low calorific fuels. The key section of this thesis is a chapter describing the experimental plan, the performance and the evaluation of the experiments. The goal of the experiments was to dilute the natural gas by two inert gases, namely carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The lowest LHV value achieved during the experiment was 10,7 MJ/mN3. The influence of the inert gases on the NOx emissions, the flame stability and characteristics, the flue gas temperature, the in-flame temperatures, the heat flux and the thermal efficiency was investigated and evaluated. Each parameter was measured and evaluated for three different burners: the burner with the staged gas, the burner with the staged air and the burner for low calorific fuels. Generally, after the addition of the inert gas into the noble fuel, the in-flame temperatures decreased. As a consequence, the NOx emissions decreased as well. The effects of carbon dioxide on the investigated combustion parameters were more substantial than the effects of nitrogen. Each measured parameter is strongly dependent on the burner geometry. The experiments revealed that in most cases the addition of the inert gas into the fuel influenced the flame length (flame shortened) and also more heat was transfered into the chamber's walls closer to the burner tile.
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Fireplace for heating
Kalousek, Lukáš ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The main topic of thesis is a measurement realized on the fireplace-insert. Thesis is consists of three parts. First part is focused on wood combustion and overview of fireplace-inserts construction. Second part contains the description of fireplace-insert Bety and accomplished construction changes. Third and main part is consists from measurements, calculations and finally assessments of measurement´s configurations.
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Effect of operating parameters of the boiler on presence of fine particles in flue gas
Košťál, Jan ; Poláčik, Ján (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis is devoted to the issues of the formation of fine particles in dependents on the combustion parameters. The first part of thesis is review, which summarized the information about combustion process and about formation of the gaseous products and fine particles inside them which created during combustion process. The main content of thesis is realization of measurements of fine particles from combustion, in several types of the tested combustion devices. Next part is a description of used measurement devices, which used for measurement. Last chapters are focused on evaluation of results from the measurements, comparison of the measurements between themselves and the finding the existence of the dependence of the formation of fine particles on operational parameters of boiler. And all results are evaluated in the conclusion.
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Legislature of the waste disposal and utilization of biodegradable materials
Pešl, Milan ; Pěček, Jan (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
The aim of this work is to give information about the issue of legislation of disposal and reuse of biodegradable waste. Legislation in the field of bio-waste in the Czech Republic and the EU is grouped into various laws and guidelines which describe particular conditions of the dumping of wastes, their subsequent processing and reuse. In this work, the definition of BDW, its composition and the current state of dealing with this type of waste in the EU and the Czech Republic is mentioned. Different methods of processing biodegradable waste, which include incineration, composting and anaerobic digestion, their advantages and disadvantages are described in this work. There are also introduced examples of BDW in the EU and the Czech Republic there.
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Energy use of biomass
Musilová, Petra ; Brázdil, Marian (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor’s thesis is a research study of biomass use in energy industry with main focus on electric energy production. This thesis primarily concerns with biomass properties, biomass processing technologies and the application of such technologies in the Czech Republic. The first part of this work consists of biomass definition and its division. The next part deals with biomass energetic properties and following is a familiarization with cogeneration (the combined use of heat and power to create electricity). Furthermore this thesis analyses individual technologies used in electricity production. The last part focuses on heating plants, power stations and biogas plants, which use biomass and on charting these specific units in the Czech Republic.
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Hydrogen as a fuel in combustion processes
Friedel, Petr ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Vondál, Jiří (advisor)
First part of the bachelor’s thesis is focused on hydrogen as a fuel. Research was made from basic information about hydrogen, manufacturing processes, problems during storing and transporting. Another part of the research is focused on usage of hydrogen in energetics especially in combustion processes. Second part of the thesis describes modelling of chemical reactions. In this part is also composing software for chemical kinetics simulations. Combustion process of hydrogen and fuels enriched by hydrogen is simulated and described by this software.
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Ideal cycles of internal combustion engines
Marušák, Ondřej ; Jedelský, Jan (referee) ; Štětina, Josef (advisor)
The thesis set out the basic thermodynamic circulation and their properties. For these orbits are shown ideal cycles gas engine and diesel engine, in which investigating thermal efficiency depending on the change in their characteristic parameters. The results are reported in tables and diagrams. For each of the engines is also a table with most values the compression ratio, the final compression pressure, the final compression temperature and maximum combustion pressure. Finally, we compare the thermal efficiency of the two orbits in the T-s diagrams.
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Impact of Biomass Storing on Heating Value
Černý, Michal ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The main aim of my bachelor´s work is the experimental verification of the landfill impact on the parameters biomass. The first part deals with definition, the formation of a basic biomass division. In the next section we find the issues concerning the burning, fuel composition and emissions during combustion. The last part deals with the influence of climatic conditions on the biomass degradation. In the experimental part were measured calorific calorimeter. The result was that, after a measured period of five months to avoid significant degradation of the fuel.
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Energy use of biomass
Bouchner, Michal ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is research of technologies for energy usage of biomass with concentration to production of electricity. In the first part of thesis are analyzed and described technologies producting electricity. In the second part are described suitable types of biomass for each aplication. Following part deals with used aplications for production of electricity in the Czech Republic. Last part shows specific technologies used in the Czech Republic.
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Re-design of biomass boiler for very wet fuel
Zbořil, Martin ; Skála, Zdeněk (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to calculate the stoichiometric balance of boilers and boiler fuel for normal monture to 60%. Determine the monture, content depending on the conditions of the fuel in the combustion chamber and conditions of combustion. Experimental analysis of the current state of the boiler ZKG measurements using this device and propose modifications and solutions.
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