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Vliv konstrukce odhrnovaček na odpor pluhu
Opluštil, Adam
In the theoretical part, the construction of soil preparing machines is discussed, in particular the construction of ploughs is described and the construction of machines for minimizing soil preparing is also described. The practical part dealt with the investigation of two types of plough mouldboards. The first type of design is the standard mouldboard and the second type is the slatted mouldboard. The content of the work was, among other things, to determine which type of construction exerts more resistance on the whole plough. Pöttinger SERVO 45 M PLUS and SERVO 45 M PLUS NOVA ploughs were used for the measurements. Both ploughs were 4-radial reversible so that the results could be compared. A Zetor Forterra 150 HD tractor with a power of 95 kW (129,2 hp) was used as the tractive power source. The field measurement, which took place from 9 August to 11 August 2021, took place in the municipality of Sebranice u Skalice nad Svitavou. The approximately 10 ha of land where the measurements were carried out consisted of brown earth with a humus content of 2,5 %. Furthermore, measuring sections of 50 m length were marked out. During the measurements, data were collected on: time taken to pass the measuring sections, pulling power, fuel consumption, soil compaction and plough depth and width. Fuel consumption was measured with mass flow meters. To measure the specific resistance of the plough, the plough system was pulled by a second tractor. The tractor was a John Deere 8330 tractor with a power of 254 kW (330 hp). The connection between the two tractors was provided by a rope with an embedded Hottinger strain gauge force transducer that was placed in the hitch of the pulling tractor. The condition for calculating the plough resistance was to find the rolling resistance out, which was then subtracted from the tractive force. The results indicated that the average percentage difference between the specific resistances of the ploughs was almost 4,7 % with the standard mouldboard (68.47 kPa) having a higher specific resistance than the slatted mouldboard (65.40 kPa). This suggests that in heavier soils it is economically more advantageous to use a plough with a slatted mouldboard, which has less resistance.
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Vliv vybraných agrotechnických faktorů na výnos a jeho kvalitu u cukrové řepy
Zimek, Ondřej
The aim of this diploma thesis on the topic „Influence of selected agrotechnical factors on yield and its qualiny in sugar beet“ is to focus on selected agrotechnical factors (varieties and tillage, factors that have and will have significant infuelnce on sugar beet growing in Czech republic. Data from farm trials were provided by Moravskoslezské cukrovary, s.r.o. – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou. Data from small-plot experiments were provided by The Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology of AF MENDELU from its own Field experiment station. The years 2021 and 2022 were evaluated. The observation was focuse on the trend of yield and sugar content in (pre-campaing“ sampling. The main goal was to evaluate the influence of factors on the final yield of the given locations at the end of campaign. Here the effect of variety and tillage on sugar content (%), yield (t/ha) and polarization sugar yield (t/ha) was evaluated. Regarding the infuelnce of varieties, it was found that the classic type still achieves slightly better results than the Conviso Smart variety. The influence of tillage shows at the evaluated locations that when plowing was used, sugar beet achieved better results in all parameters than when using minimalization technology.
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Půdoochranné technologie pěstování kukuřice s výsevem do mulče meziplodin
Reiter, Michal
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate soil conservation technologies in the maize cultivation using cover crops. Biomass production was studied in selected cover crops. The influence of various tillage technologies and cover crops on the maize grain yield was monitored, and the number of maize plants in a row was evaluated. The exper-iment took place in 2018/2019 in Žabčice, at the school farm of Mendel University. Five types of cover crops were covered in the experiment: green peas, oats, mustard, phacelia and lucerne. Three options of tillage were studied: strip tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage. The oats showed the largest production of biomass. The largest production of maize grain was without using any cover crops, but some cover crops had almost the same grain production. Out of the cover crops, the best influence on the yield was by oats, otherwise the lowest influence on the yield was by lucerne. Maize achieved the highest yield after the minimum tillage technology.
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Hodnocení a využití talířových podmítačů v podniku zemědělské prvovýroby
NOVOTNÝ, Filip
This bachelor thesis deals with plate stubble cultivators, their use in soil cultivation and planting of stands with a description of their individual types and agrotechnical requirements for them. The thesis also deals with minimization technologies for soil tillage and description of advantages and disadvantages of each method. The first part of the bachelor thesis summarizes the history of soil cultivation from the very beginning of the development of agriculture to modern technology. The importance and design of the stubble is also described here. The practical part focuses on the methodology and the results of the measurements in connection with the quality evaluation of selected Lemken Rubin 9 plate stubble cultivator, Disc Profi X 5000, Väderstad Carrier CR 350 and Pottinger Terradisc 6001 T in the field of unclopped plant residues, clods remains at set speeds, productivity, fuel consumption, and investment and operating costs. The work is supplemented by the basic characteristics of the machine owner and the characteristics of the agriculture company, where the measurements were made.
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Comparison of tillage technology in growing crops in the business of agricultural production
KULÍK, Jan
When soil tillage is possible to use several technologies . In business, ZD Trhový Stepanov a.s.. the use of technology plough (plow) and minimazation (deep loosening) . For each of these types was performed characteristics of individual elements lines and were also calculated their efficiency. In another part of both technologies have been economically evaluated and then compared the cultivation of winter rapeseed and winter wheat in 2013 and 2014.
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The comparison of soil physical properties of conventional tillage and minimum tillage
HEJDOVÁ, Anna
Some chosen physical properties have been observed in the field experiment on the land of Stagra, s. r. o., Studená in 2009. There have been compared two technologies "minimum tillage" (MT) and "conventional tillage" (CT). There was evaluated especially bulk density (Or), porosity and soil compaction. Bulk density was statistical significantly higher under conservation tillage than under ploughing in soil profil at the depth to 0,2 m. But at the depth more than 0,25 m bulk density was higher (it means less favourable) under CT than under MT. It can be concluded, that the minimum tillage doesn´t deteriorate the compaction in the subsoil. The average values were not higher than critical levels of damaged compaction for sandy-loam soil. The soil compaction measurement confirmed this trend. The values of total porosity (Pc) show nearly the same conclusions as Or. The most favourable values of Pc occur in topsoil, which is tilled.
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Soil protection tillage as an important erosion control factor in CLC
EDELMANOVÁ, Jana
The content of this thesis is to compare the soil erodobility in conventional (CT) and soil protection tillage (minimum tillage-MT) in relation to soil organic matter (SOM) in the location of interest - Studená. The soil protection tillage has been used there since 1994 together with conventional. In 2009, the two variants of soil samples were taken from soil depths 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25 m. All soil properties, which may affect erosion or which are affected by it, were analyzed from these soil samples. In particular, this thesis focuses on the relationship between tillage and soil organic matter. There were studied some chosen physical properties as specific gravity and size fraction less than 0.01 mm just in relation to fractions of SOM and soil aggregations stability. Physical-chemical properties have been analyzed more deeply. Of these, special attention was paid to the soil organic matter by establishing a number of parametres and comparing them.
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