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The opportunities and barriers in the education of women in the Gambia
Drammeh, Safiatou
This paper discusses the education of women in the Gambia and delves into the opportunities and barriers in the education of the women folks gauging it from the enrolments rates, from primary to tertiary level in twelve (12) year duration from 2006 to 2017. This study explores the problems of education in the world, in Africa and Gambia. The research dug into women education conclusively reveal that there are cultural and psychological factors that affect the prospect of women in education. Thus, in many societies, social structures affect women from the individual, organisational, institutional and political levels. This study investigates these societal problems in the context of the situation in the Gambian to identify the pros and cons for women in education from levels of primary enrolment through secondary to the tertiary level. With the application of time series trend analysis in conjunction with the method of correlation analysis on the data collected. The findings came out conclusively that the psychological, socio-cultural and economic factors which must serve as an opportunity for women in their education in most of the cases, serve as barriers for women in their educational prospects in Gambia. The study discusses the problems and the opportunities drawn from the conceptual framework and theoretical background with a focus on the results as they relate to those psychological, socio-cultural and economic factors and made recommendations that can serve as an improvement on the opportunities and eliminate the barriers for women in their educational prospects.
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Rural widows and their position within family and social structures. The situation of domain Nový Rychnov in the first half of the 19th century
SKOŘEPOVÁ, Markéta
The essay deals with the position of widows in the rural society using the example of the domain of Nový Rychnov. It is based on the research of the local sources like parish registers, listings of confesion, land registers, wedding contracts, testaments. As a main methodological basis is used microhistory. The introduction deals with situation of widows on the ground of demographic statistic and in the context of laws. The question women´s position in the rural family and reflection of widowhood by the then society was not disregarded. The attention was concentrated on the way, which particular rural widows resolved situation after their husbands´ death. There were four possibilities in face of widowed women: new marriage, independent leading of farm, retirement and position of inmate. The situation of woman can be changed during her life. This four alternatives is the basis of the following analysis. Particular chapters at first summarize results of research up to now and previous statistical analyses, which have addressed several questions about widows on a general level. Next, the great care is dedicated to concrete examples. The analysis have showed existence of conscious strategies on the part of widowed women. There were usually more possibilities for a widowed woman. Rural women were able to deal with their husbands´ death, assess their current family, financial and legal standing and make a decision based on this assessment. The advance of widowed women always depended on their individual situation and circumstances. The aim of present study is the question, why women opted different types of conclusion their situation. In examining the lives of the widows, one can identify both certain stereotypes, as well as individual strategies. The problem of rural widows cannot be simplified on the result of analysis and demands detailed analysis. The aim of essay is to show, that there were many differencies between widows and their deals.
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