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Vliv věku jedince na xylogenezi smrku ztepilého (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) během vegetačního období
Čechová, Marie
In this work, it was analyzed whether the age of the tree has an influence on the radial growth in stem. Samples were taken from trees of different ages during the growing season at Rájec-Němčice research site in 2017. Paraffin blocks were made from the samples to cut the micro-incisions and then permanent microscopic preparations were made. Cambium and xylem cells produced last year were observed using a microscope. Cambial activity was 21 days longer in young trees. Maximum cell production was at the end of June. The average total increment was 49 cells in young trees and 38 cells in old trees.
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Možnosti výsadby prostokořenného sadebního materiálu v zimním období
Vacková, Jana
The goal of this thesis is to elaborate the possibilities of winter time planting of bare rooted planting material. Because of this were there planted two bathces of plants on the planting area. One in winter time, the other in spring. With both the planting batches there was used the same planting material. There were planted two wood plants – spruce and beech, both in bare rooted and root covered variante. During the groth there happend two measurings. The control one in June, the final one at the end of the vegetation period. The final measuring was made on 100 subjects from each variante. The lower amount was tested only by the root covered spruece due to high losses. By each subject there were mesured these conditions: the height ot hte above ground plant parts in the time of planting and the difference at the time of last measuring, the diametr of the root collar, the lenght and width of the assimilation aparatus. There were also evidated conditions like the color tone of leves, the type of damage, multiplicity of the trunk and losses. Results showed that it is much better to do the planting of bare rooted spruece in spring time. The bare rooted beech is different case – here is absolutely better the winter planting time option. It shows better results. In addition it was shown that the root covered planting materiál is not optimal for spring planting time.
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Variabilita podkorunových srážek ve smrkových tyčkovinách v závislosti na intenzitě výchovného zásahu
Pavlištová, Hana
The thesis studied the effect of various pre-commercial thinning intensities on throughfall variability in pure Norway spruce small-pole stands. For this study, three research plots with different tending treatment intensities applied before the beginning of the 2020 growing season were utilised. Plot B was left without any silvicultural intervention as a control variant with an initial stand density of 4,500 trees/ha, while on plots A and C were performed mild (1,800 trees/ha) and heavy (1,300 trees/ha) pre-commercial thinning, respectively. Based on the results, we found the highest rainfall in plot A. Thus, the most suitable tending treatment from the viewpoint of rainfall mild (1,800 trees/ha; plot A) where the most water get to the root system.
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Vliv klimatu na radiální přírůst smrku ztepilého na vybraných lokalitách Jeseníků
Majerko, Jaroslav
The main objective of this bachelor thesis was to determine the influence of climate on the radial growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in selected locations of the Jeseníky Mountains. The samples (160 in total) were collected at four different localities using the Pressler borer, and dendrochronological analysis was performed with the PAST 32 programme. Tree ring curves were detrended, autocorrelation was removed and the regional standard tree-ring chronology and the regional residual tree-ring chronology were created. The ARSTAN programe was used to remove the age trend of tree ring curves and to create a residual index standard chronology. This created a residual chronology used for modeling the impact of climatic parameters on the radial increment in the program DendroClim. At the same time an analysis of significant negative years was performed. The average tree ring curve from the different sites have high similarities, and shows that radial increment statistically and significantly correlated with temperature from March to July and with soil moisture from March to May of the same year. The most significant negative years, which responded to more than 40% of all trees, were 1974, 1980, 1984 and in 2003. These negative significant years were cause by a low rate of monthly rainfall and increasing average temperatures during the growing season.
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Analýza morfometrických parametrů tracheid dřeva smrku ztepilého (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) na výzkumné ploše Bílý Kříž a Rájec-Němčice
Novák, Tomáš
This thesis is about analysis of morphometric parameters of Norway spruce tracheid wood from research areas Bílý Kříž and Rájec–Němčice. Wood for examining was sampled from different heights of trees. Width of the annual ring and percentage of late wood was determined at macroscopic level. Annual ring width ranged from 2,2 to 4,5 mm. The percentage of late wood was found to be 24 %. Microscopic analysis of tracheid wood dimensions followed. Radial size of tracheids was determined and averaged 31 μm. Tracheid cell wall thickness ranged from 2 to 10 μm. The number of tracheids increases with trunk height as does the width of the annual ring. Wood density of sampled wood averaged 450 kg·m-3. The variability of the wood structure by radius and height was examined. Subsequently, the obtained data was compared with precipitation and temperature.
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Inventarizace výskytu jeřábu ptačího (Sorbus aucuparia L.) ve vybraných porostech Moravskoslezských Beskyd (revír Baraní)
Kaděrka, Josef
This bachelor thesis is focused on the inventory of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in selected forest stands of the Moravian-Silesian Beskydy. The inventory was carried out in the bishop's forests of the Ostrava-Opava Diocese in the cadastral district of Bílá. The expanse of the inventory area is 191.58 hectares. Altogether 60 stands were inventoried in three departments. Sample plots were selected in each stand. Both rowan and maternal stand trees were counted and measured on individual plots. At the three selected plots, in addition to the height of the rowan, the diameter of the root collar was measured, the number of game damage was determined, and their age was identified in the laboratory. The obtained data were analyzed in Excel. The average number of rowans per hectare is 2854. In the height structure, most individuals are within 20 centimetres and 21 to 50 centimetres. In most stands, the percentage of spruce exceeded 50%. The average age of individuals from natural regeneration is 5.5 years and each individual has been on average 4.5 times damaged by game.
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Vliv nadmořské výšky a severní expozice na morfologickou a anatomickou stavbu jehlic smrku ztepilého
Ambrož, Petr
There were chosen three localities even-aged spruce growth from different altitudes and northern exposure at the Jeseníky Mountains. Subsequently, literary review was composed. The introductory part to the bachelor's thesis is mainly focused on the description, ecology and the influence of climatic conditions on growth and assimilation apparatus of Norway spruce in. Later, sun-exposed one-year old shoots were sampled from the selected localities. Needles were taken from the shoots and then used for making the cross-sections. Other needles were taken for needle area and length analysis. Morphological and anatomical analysis was done on the microscopic pictures. Results were processed statistically by program Statistica 12. It was found that with increasing altitude the length and the projection area of needles are decreasing. The predictive maps for some morphological and anatomical parameters were also created by the use of elevations and solar radiation data in ArcGIS.
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Fungi associated with tree roots
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
In contrast to the bulk soil environment, plant roots represent a habitat with higher nutrient availability due to the supply of photosynthesis-derived C-containing compounds. The roots thus support the life of various microorganisms that use such compounds, but the root-associated microbes in the same time may face a limitation in N and P availability. Unlike bacteria, many filamentous fungi are able to transport these compounds from soil and their mycelia thus typically extend into this environment. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are a typical example of this nutrition strategy. Tree roots produce exudates, that differ in thein composition for each species and they can also differ among individuals. It causes a high diversity of root-associated fungi. Soil is also inhabited by parasitic and saprotrophic fungi. Composition and activity of microbial communisies in the rhizosphere differ from the bulk soil. This work points at the differences of the rhizosphere and builk soil, the importance mycorrhizal fungi and it presents an overview of fungal species that have been found on the roots of spruce - Picea abies. Key words: fungi, mycorrhiza, soil, rhizosphere, Picea abies
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