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Issues of care for a morbidly obese patient in standard beds and intensive care units.
KRÁL, Dominik
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of care for a morbidly obese patient in standard units and intensive care units. The work is focused on how nurses in standard units and intensive care units care for a morbidly obese patient. The theoretical part consists of the characteristics of obesity, examination methods, treatment, the possibilities of prevention of obesity and selected aspects in the care for a morbidly obese patient in standard units and in the intensive care unit. The research part focuses on the obstacles which nurses perceive in providing care for a morbidly obese patient and on how nurses care for the hygiene, skin, nutrition, excretion and mental needs of a morbidly obese patient. The aim of the thesis is to map the issue of nursing care for a morbidly obese patient. This part was processed in the form of qualitative research survey using semi-structured interviews. Five nurses from the standard ward and four nurses from the intensive care units took part in the interviews. After obtaining the necessary information, it was processed in the form of open coding and the creation of six categories. The results show that the complexity of care is determined by patient's mobility, state of health and his cooperation. Other obstacles are his proportions, lack of staff and the need for more time for overall care. For healthcare professionals, care is more physically demanding when handling the patient during hygiene, after excretion and during positioning. The nurses regularly monitor the skin. They consult patient's nutrition with a dietitian. They use interview with the patient to identify his mental needs. Based on the findings, a brochure for nurses was created, which focuses on the most common problems in the care for obese patients, which nurses may encounter in their practice.
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Non-pharmacological procedures in the treatment of stroke - the role of nurse
PAZOUR, Petr
Cerebrovascular accidents have attracted the attention of physicians since ancient times. A stroke is a global problem and one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, but also one of the causes of long-term disability. In recent years, a stroke has become an urgent condition. The division of stroke into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke has become common. In ischemic episodes, the effect of acute, follow-up and rehabilitation care in stroke centers has been demonstrated, as has revascularization therapy. Thanks to modern methods of treatment of stroke, we have moved forward. The aim of the thesis is to describe non-pharmacological procedures in the treatment of stroke and to emphasize their great importance in patient recovery process, their wide range allows some patients to return to normal life in whole or partly. In patients with higher disability, they help to improve their quality of life. An important part of the entire spectrum of care is a general nurse, who ensures continuous care of the patient both physically and mentally, an integral part of the nurse´s work is satisfying the basic needs of the patient. Qualitative research was chosen to achieve the goal, the research will be conducted through a semi-structured interview with non-medical health professionals (nurses) who care for patients after a stroke at the neurological department of the district hospital of the Vysočina region. From research shows that in the rearched department, non-medical staff know thein role in education, they consider the application of Fraxiparin, nutrition and self-care to be the most common area sof education. Among the most commonly used forms of education, non-medical staff ranks explanations and demonstrations. The output of the diploma thesis dealing with non-pharmacological procedures in the treatment of a stroke - the role of the nurse, should serve as an insight into the issue and point out the importance of prevention and the scope of non-pharmacological procedures.
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Nursing care for neurological patients in intensive care units
HRICOVÁ, Kristina
This bachelor thesis deals with problematics of nursing care of neurologically ill patients in intensive care. It´s main objective was to map specifics of nursing care of neurologically ills in Intensive Care Unit. The secondary objective was to find out, how the Intensive Care Unit personal mantains principles of neurologically ill pacients careTo accomplish determinated goals, following research questions were set up: What are the specifics of nursing care of neurologically ill patients in intensive care? How nurses working in Intensive Care Unit, mantain principles of neurogically ill patients care? From a range of neurological diseases, this bachelor thesis focus on strokes in intensive care. Teoretical part deals with different kinds of strokes, their etologie, clinical symptoms, possibility of diagnostic and therapy. Also specifics of nursing care in individual areas. To carry out the research, the method of quantitative research was choosen. Data collection was done by technic of hidden observation and semi-structured interview. Method Pencil - Paper was used to analyse results. Processing researched finding, both research questions were answered. Despite minor shortcomings, mainly of systemic caracter, results of the research are showing great quality of nursing care, provided to patients with neurological diseaseses in observed Intensive Care Unit. It was found out, the most specific area of stroke patient care is nutrition - for reason of dysfagie - and also positioning and rehabilitation. Nurses pointed out, one of the biggest risk of this care is pressure instability and possible lost of conscience. Nurse in Intensive Care Unit must know, how to respond properly and immediately to this situation. The thesis offers complete overview of the nurse care of neurologically ill patients in intensive care and provides recommendation in problematic areas of nurse care.
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Historical development of nursing care in children in the CR.
LAZOROVÁ, Hana
The availability of the health care in the 19thcentury was not very good from the geographical and economical point of view because in the countryside the care was provided by less qualified people. The care of a child was mainly only at home. Mothers took care of the children on their own. They got information and experience from elder more experienced women in their surroundings. There are many myths and superstition related to the health care at this time. The culture of the society and the religious views influenced the treatment of children at that time. The paediatrics as an independent branch of science began to develop at the turn of the 19thand 20thcentury. In connection to this progress the attention was also focused on development of children´s health care. There were established first children´s departments and the care moved slowly to hospitals. The ways of the care of children changed during the historical development. A big progress in treatment of children was in the 20th century. The nursing schools and other hospitals were established. We can also register an increase in number of professional literature dealing with treatment and education of children of different age period. The consultancy for the mother and the child started to extend. The myths and superstitions were slowly forced out of information with scientific basis. The care of community was developed in the middle of the 20th century. It was a response to the bad availability of the health care in the country. In 80s of the 20th century has been introduced a new way of care of the mother and the child in maternity units, so called roaming-in that has functioned successfullytoday. The main priority of the children´s health care is to ensure good health care for children at all age, not only in hospital but also in the health. The goal of this thesis was to map the development of the health care at children´s age in the area of the Czech Republic. The research was based on the qualitative method. Acquired results through a content analysis data were divided according to particular periods of time. Mapping of the development of the health care at children´s age in the area of the Czech Republic may provide a complete view not only for nurses but for all medical staff and non-professional people.
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Issues relating to caring for patients with leukaemia.
MACHOVÁ, Karolina
The theoretical part of my bachelor thesis is primarily focused on nursing care of the patient diagnosed with leukemia and related issues. Purpose of the thesis is to describe this serious disease with an unfavourable prognosis. The theoretical part is built on the basis of analysis of available sources of information concerning the given topic. Two major goals were set for this bachelor thesis. The first objective is to determine the specifics of the nursing care of the patients with leukemia. The second goal was to establish the main issues connected with the nursing care of patients with leukemia. Two research questions were created on grounds of the objectives defined. Those research questions were: What are the specifics of the nursing care of the patients with leukemia? What are the most common issues that nurses have to cope with when treating patients with leukemia? For processing of results acquired in the empirical part of the thesis the form of qualitative research was chosen using the method of semi-structured interviews. The choice of the nurses was intentional, therefore only nurses providing care to the patients with leukemia were addressed. Both research questions were answered and both goals were met. Results from answers received from the nurses were divided into categories and consequently processed. It is necessary for the nurses to comply with the standards in order to avoid complications regarding the patient with leukemia whose immunity is well weakened. Therefore, I would suggest lectures and seminars extension in the hospitals in order to ensure the best quality care for patients with leukemia. This bachelor thesis can be helpful to the students who wish to acquire new information about given disease and provide better understanding of the described issue.
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Conceptual models aimed at the final stage of life
KOHOUTOVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor thesis "Conceptual Models Aimed at the Final Phase of Life" is elaborated on a theoretical basis. The bachelor thesis has an informational character, which logically and intelligibly informs about conceptual models that are aimed at the final phase of life. In this bachelor thesis, we are not only concerned with these conceptual models, but we have also aimed on their development since the beginning of nursing. It was necessary to visit several different libraries and to study or borrow a large number of specialized books from Czech and foreign authors, so that we can get enough information to write this bachelor thesis. The information was also obtained by using Internet search in the EBSCO, SCOPUS and Pub Med databases. Firstly, this bachelor thesis describes the development of nursing, as well as the final phase of life, which is associated with dying and death. Subsequently this bachelor thesis presents conceptual models and their development. Finally, this bachelor thesis deals with conceptual models that are aimed at the final stage of life. From these models, we chose three models, such as Hildegard E. Peplau, Trajectory model, and last but not least the Theory of the End of Life. This bachelor thesis should serve the nurses to improve their work with patients at the final phase of their life. This work can help nurses in their thinking and to learn to treat these patients and to help understand their needs and satisfy them. These conceptual models can serve not only nurses, but also educators as a basis for teaching nursing subjects or as a contribution to professional seminars or conferences that deal with this issue.
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Nursing role in providing care to dying patients at retirement homes
STAŇKOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this thesis is to describe a nurses role in providing care to dying clients at retirement homes. In connection with this goal, were set out five Research questions, which are: What are the specifics of nursing care for a dying client at retirement home? What are the specific needs of a dying client at retirement home? What are the specifics of communication with a dying client at retirement home? How do the nurse ant the family of a dying client cooperate? What is the approach of nurses to the care of the client at retirement home? The empirical part of this bachelor thesis was elaborated by the method of qualitative Research survey, which was realized by the technique od a semi-structured interview. The interview consisted of 24 questions, supplemented in some cases by additional questions. The interview was divided into 6 parts identification, specifics of care, dying client's needs, communication with a dying client, cooperate with the family and nurses approach. Interview were overwritten and processes by open-coding, pencilpaper technique. The research group consisted of nurses working at the time at retirement homes. This bachelor thesis was written in a certain way, to bring basic overview of the nursing role in providing care to dying clients at retirement homes. Based on the findings, supplemented by the knowledge of experts in the fields of thanatology and paliative care, will be create a handbook for nurses ant other staff caring for dying clients at retirement homes.
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Cystic fibrosis and pitfalls of life of patients with this diagnosis.
JENÍKOVÁ, Aneta
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that affects the digestive and respiratory systems. It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The hallmark of cystic fibrosis is a thick mucus in the lungs, which must get out of the lungs. People with this diagnosis have no favorable prospects for quality life. The individual and his family have a lot to adapt to with this insidious disease. This disease is not curable, but thanks to the progress of science it is treatable. The treatment includes a proper acceptance of medications, pancreatic enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins, respect proper diet, intense inhalations, rehabilitation, periodic check-ups at the doctor, etc. The individual afflicted with the disease can live to adulthood, which was not possible before. Since its very childhood the child has to be led to a proper attitude to treatment and be aware of what can worsen his illness. Over the time, when the child becomes an adult it takes those life habits to its partnership where there should exist a support from the partner. Afterwards, they should both consider whether to have a family and everything that goes with it. Most men with cystic fibrosis have a blocked transport of sperm with thick mucus so sperm cannot pass through the egg and fertilize it. Only a small percentage of men can have a baby the natural way. Most men are recommended during puberty sperm collection and storage in the vault sperm. The name of the thesis is Mucoviscidosis and Pitfalls of Life of Patients with this Diagnosis and is processed purely on a theoretical basis. The main source for the work is the primary sources, i.e. professional publications of Czech and foreign authors. The aim of this work is to obtain comprehensive information about the disease, including the difficulties of life of patients with this diagnosis. The second part outlined the problems which cystic fibrosis has on an individual's life, from childhood to adulthood. The third part mentions the social issues. Financial assistance is emphasised, as the treatment of this disease is expensive.The partial goal was to focus on the latest advances in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, which is a new method of sweat test. It is important to receive digestives enzymes before each meal along with inhalations.The information about the disease was obtained mostly from specialized publications, articles from professional journals, as well as the official website of organization of the affected individual. The main goal of bachelor thesis was to get a comprehensive information about the disease including the difficulties of life of patients with this diagnosis. As a help to achieve the main objective significantly contribute sub-goals. Partial aim is to introduce the disease itself from its beginnings to its development, especially in terms of diagnosis. Another objective in writing this work was to explore the issue of this disease and provide informatik to the public and the family with a sick child. In terms of methodology, methods of explanation, synthesis and induction are used in the work. These methods are based on collection and combination of primary information and are aimed at the logical reconstruction of explanation and understanding of the topic.
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Attitudes and options of nurses in the care of ethylene glycol poisoned patients. (theretical thesis)
KMETKOVÁ, Monika
Ethylene glycol intoxication, suicidal as well as accidental, belongs to serious, immediately life-threatening poisonings, which can however be cured even in the most severe cases (provided early recognition and correct treatment), including the restoration of renal function to the original state. Ethylene glycol is most notably present in anti-freeze cooling liquids for vehicles (such as Fridex). Consumption of 100-150 ml of such a solution is considered a lethal dose in humans. follows Oral ingestion is followed by rapid absorption. Metabolic decomposition takes place predominantly in the liver by way of alcohol dehydrogenase, to glycoaldehyde, which is further metabolised to glycolic acid and oxalic acid. The clinical aspect is dominated by acute renal failure which is caused by acute tubular necrosis. Toxicological examination including an assessment of ethylene glycol levels in both blood and urine, with prognostic relevance, is indispensable to diagnostics of the poisoning as well as from the standpoint of differential diagnostics. Therapeutic measures include gastric lavage within one hour of ingestion and administration of activated charcoal. Administration of ethanol and fomepizole, compounds that bind alcohol dehydrogenase and thus prevent the conversion of ethylene glycol to its toxic metabolites, is considered valid causal treatment with simultaneous early institution of hemodialysis (even in cases of hitherto intact renal function). As fomepizole is currently not available in the Czech republic, ethanol remains the only antidote. Therapy further includes correction of metabolic acidosis by way of bicarbonates, and intravenous application of thiamine and pyridoxine. Therapy of such a grave condition must entail infirmary care provided by professional nurses as a necessary complement. The nurse serves their function in securing the patient's airways, connecting the patient to mechanical ventilation, monitoring physiological functions, assistance with invasive entry, as well as conducting sample extractions, assuring proper hygiene, the prevention of decubitus ulcers etc. It has been the aim of an extensive effort during my analysis of this topic to collate an up-to-date summary of practical knowledge on ethylene glycol intoxication, as well as subsequent therapeutic options for such patients, based on collected information and available source material. This final thesis, entitled "Approach and Options for Nurses in Therapy of Ethylene Glycol-intoxicated Patients" has been created relying on a body of purely theoretical Czech and foreign sources. To attain awareness of the current state of medical sciences described on the following pages, many professional and scientific publications, books as well as journals and websites of registered professional societies had to be studied. The aim of a detailed inspection of such an extensive body of data has been to provide relevant findings based on the facts determined. The accumulated information is further specified in particular sections. The first deal with intoxication, elimination and first aid in the pre-hospitalization phase from a broader perspective. Without these elementary notes the thesis as a whole would lack in conclusiveness. From this section the thesis fluidly continues with ethylene glycol intoxication itself, its treatment and all the way to the role of the nurse including particular therapeutic measures. These sections contain specific recommendations issuing from news and cutting-edge research on ethylene glycol poisonings.
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