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Architecture of organic farms in Czech republic
Pohanková, Lucie ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Dýr, Petr (referee) ; Doc.Ing.arch.Jarmila Húsenicová,Ph.D. (referee) ; Urbášková, Hana (advisor)
New agricultural constructions in Czech Republic happen, in better case, privilege of civil engineer, in the worse case only privilege of the investor, in the past. While architects or enlightenment project architects with inventive and feeling for architecture, rarely interfered to their projection. In the practice, the preferred and implemented misconception, that it is a purely purpose-built buildings with economical advantageous solution type, when external design of the building and his effect in landscape plays just a minor role, meant a huge mistake, which disfeature face of a lot of villages. With the gradual development of organic and sustainable agriculture is obvious, that to the design of these buildings gets back the idea of invention and emotion of construction into the landscape. Essence of a dissertation is how to proceed with the draft of a new or completion of original organic farm in conditions of the Czech Republic and on which specific points to focus in the design. Objective of thesis is generalization of rules design new modern organic farm or new buildings on the existing organic farm, using the principles of organic architecture and architecture undemanding of energy, renewable source of energy and non-waste management and verification on the specific examples in the Czech Republic and neighboring Europa countries. Where else should apply the principles of organic architecture more than in the construction of organic farms. Moreover, organic farm offers a great number of functions and with related different operations with requirements for specific areas. This is an added bonus, diversity of construction and the possibility of building creativity in architectural solutions. It is then mainly limited functionality of the building, legislative, public health, fire and traffic regulations, with which any proposal must cope. Organic farms are a phenomenon, but also the future of sustainable agriculture in the Czech Republic, as well. Not only production side of organic farms, but also neglected building stock deserves the attention of experts. Only organic farm with the right comprehensive created building and energy concept on an ecological principle is becoming a well-functioning self-contained unit connected with the cycle of nature, the surrounding landscape and regional tradition.
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Transformation of suburban villages
Ferenc, Jonáš ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Balabánová, Pavla (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The thesis discusses suburban villages (and, indirectly, also villages that are even further away from urban areas), their current character, and their changes over the course of history. Most Bohemian, Moravian and Silesian municipalities struggle with persistent issues, such as the decline of their primarily agrarian function (and the unattractiveness of this lifestyle for the younger generations), changes in demographic composition (the exodus of natives to cities, and their replacement by “weekenders“), the lower purchase power of rural areas (due to lower wages in agriculture and the lack of other job opportunities), insufficient traffic infrastructure, unclear property relations, the loss of their own identity due to the closeness of a core city, and uncontrolled suburbanisation which transforms both villages and their environment. The end effects of these issues are depopulation of rural areas, ageing of current inhabitants and unfavourable prospects for the future. On the other hand, the situation in neighbouring Bavaria seems to be the exact opposite. Bavaria hasn't experienced collectivisation, and a communist dictatorship hasn't cut the ties of local inhabitants towards their lands and properties which have been in their families for centuries. Many issues encountered in the Czech Republic are therefore unknown here, and villages that happen to be near urban areas tend to grow in a natural way while retaining their original rural and local identities. The superior infrastructure network enables better mobility of the populace, which allows the people to commute longer distances. However, they can still spend their time in their actual place of residence, and they often proudly consider themselves a part of the local social life and of the local community – not of the core city. Therefore the goal of the thesis is to compare Czech and Bavarian villages in terms of sustainable development, using specific examples, to analyse which elements are better in which system, and to compare whether it is possible to apply the principles of sustainability which are used in Bavaria to the sustainable development of Czech countryside.
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Guest-house Repechy
Janík, Tobiáš ; Hubáček,, Petr (referee) ; Myslín, Jiří (advisor) ; Novotný, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is based on an earlier project made in third year of bachelor study. It is a reconstruction of former rustic building, which was built probably in early 20 century. Area is located in Repechy village, which is part of Village Bousínov in Olomouc region, Prostějov district. Current building was built in several stages. The oldest part of the building is northwest wing, semi cellared, with non-habitable attic. After that cowsheds were built, so the buiding gain character of enclosed building. As final modification, the atrium was roofed with metal roof. Whole building was used to breed cattle, which is one of the main reasons, why is the building in such a horrid state. Main goal of bachelor thesis was to rebuild this building into pension with wide freetime activities such as hiking, cycling, horse riding, hyppotherapy, fishing and even ice-skating in winter. Due to the emergency state of the object the reconstruction is more or less forced. Only three bearing walls from the oldest part of the building and one facade were preserved. Whole architectional solution is trying to put old and new into contrast. It is most visible in west corner, where historical facade switch to the glass facade and on the roof, which is placed on classical wooden roof frame, but is shielded with glass plates in alluminium frames. The main entrance is situated in preserved facade. In the ground level, there is reception, restaurant, technical facilities and six rooms for guests. Second floor is fully reserved for accomodating guests. East wing has one floor and the flat of owner is situated in here.
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Spotřeba palivového dřeva a dřevěného uhlí v domácnostech v okrese Kalomo, Zambijská republika
Boltižiar, Martin
The topic of the thesis was to establish the consumption of firewood and charcoal in the Southern Province of the Republic of Zambia. Data collection, field survey and questionnaire survey and collection of all background information was carried out in rural agricultural camps and in Kalomo town. Information on firewood and charcoal consumption in the area as well as socio-economic information on the inhabitants was obtained. It was found that an average rural household of 7 members consumes 62 kg of firewood per week, or approximately 19 kg of charcoal per household. The approximate annual household consumption is 3 217 kg of firewood or 997 kg of charcoal per household. Charcoal is produced in the countryside from local tree species and sold mainly in towns to residents who own a charcoal stove. All the data can be further used to establish fast-growing stands that would be used by local people in their area for regular logging or subsequent charcoal production and conservation of native tree stands.
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Differences in the behaviour of urban and rural populations of mammals
Kučerová, Nikola ; Štolhoferová, Iveta (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
My bachelor thesis deals with the differences in the behavior of mammals, especially carnivores, primates, and rodents living in urban environments and their rural dwelling relatives. Human-induced landscape change often results in fragmentation and decline in the populations of animals living there. However, it can also contribute to the emergence of various new traits that might help the species successfully inhabit the environment affected by humans and their activity. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether populations of urban and rural mammals differ, especially regarding their activity, aggression, boldness, and exploration. To do so, I will focus on comparison of behavior of urban and rural populations of the same species.
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Assessing the potentials of non timber forest products (NTFPs) as an attractive livelihood option for the people living in the forest adjacent communities in the Sekyere East district of Ghana
Okyere, Florence
Background: Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are biological resources of plant (other than timber) and animal origin, that are harvested from the natural forests or farmlands for human use. The forest continuous to serve as a socio-economic safety net for rural communities in most parts of African, South Asia and some parts of Latin America. Over 40% of the world’s poor population live within or in close proximity to tropical forest areas. Communities living adjacent forest regions invariably depend on the ecology for their everyday food, fuel, and income. Despite the economic importance of NTFPs, there is no proper valuation of NTFPs and its contribution to livelihood and development in rural communities that rely primarily on these products for their income, subsistence, and employment. Objective: To assess the potentials of NTFPs as an attractive livelihood option for the people living in the forest communities in the Sekyere East district of the Ashanti region of Ghana. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from selected rural communities in the Sekyere East district. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select the 6 communities from the district and a systematic sampling approach used to select every 3rd house within the community. A total of 502 participants who are above the legal working age of 15years were recruited and administered with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done with the use of STATA and results were presented in tables and graphical representations. Results: A response rate of 98% was obtained from the administered questionnaire. Majority of the respondents were males, 67.73% and 32.27% being females. Males were more involved in NTFPs than females. Almost half of the respondents 48.21% involved in NTFPs collection were older persons between 50 to 59 years. About 84.66% of rural population depend solely on the forest for their daily livelihood. The average sales of NTFPs per market period was GH₵172.12. The majority of NTFPs collectors in the study earned between GH₵101 to 200 for each market day. An estimated amount of GH₵ 3,000 - 4,999 is earned by most respondent from the sale of NTFPs annually. The most common NTFPs harvested were game, firewood, mushroom, snail, leave wraps and honey. Conclusion: It has become evident that the majority of rural populations rely on NTFPs for their basic cash inflow and food requirement. Earnings from NTFPs sales contributes about half of overall household income and annual expenditure. Poverty reduction policies must increasingly incorporate NTFPs as an alternative source of income for deprived rural populations across different parts of the country.
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Factors leading to migration of women from the North to the South of Ghana. The case of “Kayayei” (head potters) in the market of Accra
Tutu Ampofo, Bernard
The goal of the study is to identify the elements that contributed to migration of women from Navrongo in North of Ghana to Accra; specifically, the case of the "Kayayei" (head porters) in the Accra central business area. The target population of the research were female migrants from Navrongo district in north of Ghana who are currently engaged in head porterage in the Accra central business district. The study used a cross-sectional design (questionnaire) to collect data from 224 respondents. Simple random sampling methods were utilised in selecting head porters at their resting camps in the course three weeks. The data from completed questionnaire were entered into Microsoft excel spreadsheet before exporting to STATA for final analysis. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression methods were used in analysing the data and the response presented in tables and figures. The main findings indicated those with no formal education, teenager and early adults, and single women were more likely or have the urge to migrate to the urban city. Pull factors identified includes better opportunities, jobs, better living standards and the zeal to earn income. The push factors were frequent conflicts and the long period of dry season at the place of origin. Majority of respondents claimed that their living standards have improved since the migrated to Accra, although over a quarter of respondents did not have a good place to sleep, majority of head porters did not have access to healthcare, toilet and bathroom facilities. Income earned from work are mostly remitted to cater for parent, siblings and children in the village of origin while some are used for personal items.
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