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Long-term changes of forest vegetation - the comparison of present species composition and biodiversity with the historical records
Vojík, Martin ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
The thesis presents the results of the research of the long term changes in semi-natural vegetation of lowland woodlands in the forest district Klínec (phytogeographical district Střední Povltaví, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic), which is located between the northeastern part of the Brdy Highlands (Hřebeny) and the Vltava River valley. Research of the long term changes over the past nearly 60 years was conducted by resampling vegetation on semi-permanent plots. Old relevés by V. Samek (1957), which were provided by the Czech National Phytosociological database, were used as reference data. Twenty-nine relevés were resampled, which were located using old data and GIS. The shift to shady plant communities (loss of heliophilous and expansion of shade-tolerant species) was found in the study area caused by higher canopy of tree and shrub layer due to the expansion of deciduous trees. Species richness (alpha diversity) was significantly declined. Homogenization of the vegetation was not significantly demonstrated in study area. Species of nutrient-rich habitats as well as alien and invasive species were expanded and fewer red list species of vascular plants was found. Vegetation change in the area was probably most affected by the change in forest management in lowland woodlands (decline of coppicing), eutrophication (deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere, runoff from agricultural land) and the effect of forest animals especially wild boars.
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Mapping of invasive plants in PLA Křivoklátsko
Popová, Karolína ; Tesařová, Blanka (advisor) ; Petrus, David (referee)
In this thesis I have dealt with invasive plants which were mapped during the summer of 2015 in the defined area of interest in Křivoklátsko. Plant species Impatiens glandulifera, Solidago canadensis Solidago gigantea, Reynoutria japonica, which occur in the relevant territory, belong among the most spread invasive species in the Czech Republic
In the first bibliographical part of this research I deal with the general definition of invasive plants with a detailed characteristic of the monitored plants as well as the methods of invasive species management and the specifics of the mapped area which covers most of the Berounka Site of Community Importance.
The practical part describes the research methodology and the field research. The final chapter evaluates the occurrence of the species in relation to the overall relevant area. It was found that the largest area is occupied by the species Impatiens glandulifera near the river Berounka, which facilitates its spreading. Other species represent minimal coverage in this area.
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Monitoring of Invasive Plants in Kopitska Dump (Most)
Čtvrtečka, Tomáš ; Vykouk, Martin (advisor) ; Šmíd, Petr (referee)
This bachelors thesis deals with mapping and finding the way of spreading invasive plant species, particularly Reynoutria japonica, Reynoutria sachalinensis, Reynoutria x japonica, Impatiens glandulifera, Solidago gigantea and Solidago canadensis. Kopistys spoil heap, which is situated in the Most Coal Basin in northern Bohemia near Most, was selected as the area of interest for mapping these invasive neophytes.
The thesis also includes information about selected invasive plant species and brief physical-geographical characteristics of the territory.
In the area of interest were found only individuals of Reynoutria japonica, at 10 sites, as well as individuals Solidago gigantea species in 16 habitats and the last species was Solidago canadensis, which occupied the largest number of sites, a total of 78. It was found way of spreading of the invasion in the territory, distances from each distribution vector was recorded and biotopes, in which invasive plant species were found, was described.
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Diversity of insect communities of non-indigenous forests of black pine (Pinus nigra) in the western part of Central Bohemia
Tůmová, Klára ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jakubíková, Lada (referee)
Due to the rapid intensification of agriculture, there were a bigger and more often habitat loss and their fragmentation. These led to the decreasing of the size of suitable habitats and their isolation. The isolation of landscape fragments is a basic geographical characteristic, which plays an important role in the ecological invasions. The invasions generally cause major economic damages and they affect the loss of biological diversity in the stands.
In this work, we focused on the effects of black pine (Pinus nigra). This wood plant has been occurred in the Czech Republic since the Tertiary period and disappeared by the subsequent disintegration of continents. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of black pine (Pinus nigra) on the invertebrates compared with the native stands of scots pine (Pinus sylvetris).
The experiment was conducted at 35 plots in Central Bohemia (18 plots of Scots pine, 17 plots of black pine). The invertebrates were captured by light traps. The total abundance and biomass of invertebrates were determined from the captured samples. From the processed data was not proven negative impact on non-native black pine to overall abundance and biomass of invertebrates. This fact is most likely due to the phylogenetic relationship of both pine species.
There were not found any differences in abundance and biomass of most herbivorous groups of invertebrates. However, in the black pine stands was reported a higher incidence of carnivorous species of invertebrates.
The stands of the black pine have no negative impact on number of invertebrates in the Czech Republic, actually there was demonstrated even higher affinity of carnivorous species of invertebrates to the black pine trees.
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Distribution of Invasive plants in PLA Kokořínsko
Váňová, Petra ; Pěknicová, Jana (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The thesis is focused on the occurence of invasive plants in the Protected Landscape Area (PLA) of Kokořínsko-Máchův kraj. Three invasive species - Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), Bohemian knotweed (Reynoutria x bohemica) and Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) were mapped in the southern part of the PLA. The aim of the research was to identify the distribution of these invasive plants and to create maps of their occurrence in the monitored area using ESRI ArcMap software. Part of the work was to determine the incidence of invasive species in Natura 2000 habitats and ecosystems, according to the data set of the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (Layer of Natura 2000 habitats; Consolidated layer of ecosystems of the Czech Republic, Czech: KVES). Most invaded Natura 2000 habitats and KVES ecosystems were identified. From all three of the studied plants growing within the study area, Solidago canadensis occurred the most. From the resulting field research and ongoing expertise, show that most areas of invaded habitats by Solidago canadensis are athropogenically influenced - grassland, introduced shrub vegetation and urbanized areas. During mapping of the invaded habitats only a limited, eradicative management by SCI employees was found, although part of the surveyed area is located in the SCI Kokořínsko.
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Monitoring rozšíření borytu barvířského (Isatis tinctoria L.) v NPR Děvín - Kotel - Soutěska (CHKO Pálava)
Páleníková, Michaela
This study focuses on mapping of dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) in the National Nature Reserve (NNR) Děvín-Kotel-Soutěska and its distribution range in the South Moravian Region. This study describes in detail the process and outcomes of this mapping. Through this implemented research, maps of occurrence of dyer's woad in South-Moravian Region and more detailed in the NNR. This monitoring was also significantly important for assessment of dyer's woad's invasiveness. In the NNR there were also established and for two years monitored permanent experimental plots on which impact of Isatis on the surrounding vegetation is monitored. Results of this study will serve as a background material for the Administration of Protected Landscape Area Pálava and for Nature Conservation Agency of Brno. Keywords: floristic mapping, phytosociological plot, plant invasions, Pálava Hills, southern Moravia
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Genetic variation in populations of reed canarygrass, \kur{Phalaris arundinacea} L.
KÁVOVÁ, Tereza
The spread of invasive plant species in natural habitats has become a worldwide problem with negative environmental and economic impacts. An increasing number of invasive organisms are responsible for adverse environmental and economic impacts worldwide, including species extinction, crop failures, reduced water supply, and damage to industrial infrastructures (KERCHER et al., 2007). Phalaris arundinacea L. is widespread throughout the world, except Antarctica and Greenland. Center of diversity of this genus is in the Mediterranean. Members of the genus Phalaris occurs in moist habitats from lower to alpine altitudes (ANDERSON, 1997). Phalaris has a plethora of uses. Its most frequent use is as the root wastewater treatment plants. Phalaris grown as feed for livestock and is also used as an ornamental grass. Phalaris have recently received a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production of renewable energy in USA. In recent years there has been a massive spread of P. arundinacea across North America (currently occurs in 43 states) and Canada (ZEDLER & KERCHER, 2004). Phalaris represents a significant threat to its original wetland vegetation and is classified as a harmful agens in nine state of U.S. states (LAVERGNE & MOLOFSKY, 2004). It is believed that these aggressive population have European origin.
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Study of allelopathic effects in species of Impatiens genus (Impatiens L.)
KREJČOVÁ, Jana
All three jewelweeds species (Impatiens. L.)contain series of secondary metabolites from category of phenolic substances, e.g. naphthoquinones. This substances belong to allelochemicals, they can to affect germinability and growth of other plants. The extracts from jewelweeds (leaves, roots) and their fractions can to affect negatively germinability and growth of the chosen weed's seeds. Knowledges of allelopathic effects in jewelweeds species on other plants might be of important impact on ecological farming in the implementing of alternative herbicides.
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