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Non-energy Applications of Lignite
Majzlíková, Petra ; Maršálek, Roman (referee) ; Janoš, Pavel (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with various physical-chemical aspects of agricultural and environmental applications of the South Moravian lignite. The main attention was paid to the behavior of lignite in an aqueous environment and the application potential of lignite as a cheap, effective and universal sorbent. In the experimental part of the thesis, aqueous extracts of lignite were characterized in detail (by measurement of pH, conductivity, and by the qualitative and quantitative determination of inorganic constituents). The high sorption affinity towards polar (cationic dyes) and nonpolar compounds (petroleum products) was confirmed experimentally. At last, simple methods of the laboratory preparation of lignite granules was designed and optimized. The main aim of this part was to combine the unusual sorption properties of lignite with an improvement of the end-use properties of the product (user-friendly handling, controlled release of the lignite into the aqueous environment, etc.). The thesis represents a complex compilation of the results of pilot experiments which represent the starting point of detailed future works focused on the non-energetic application of this valuable natural material.
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Remediation of groundwater contaminated by oil products
Kabelíková, Eva ; Úterský, Michal (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis describes rehabilitation of groundwater which is contaminated with oil products. The first part describes methods of collecting groundwater from the sources together with forms possibilities and properties of groundwater pollution and characteristics of pollutants. In addition, oil substances and their properties are described, followed by methods of groundwater protection and liquidation of accidents. At the end of the first part, ways of remediation of contaminated groundwater are presented. The second part of the thesis contains an overview of companies that carry out remediation work and description of their solution technologies.
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Screening of possibilities of deep subsurface microflora to decompose selected organic compounds
Kuanysheva, Assel ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kryštůfek, Václav (referee)
Screening of possibilities of deep subsurface microflora to decompose selected organic compounds Abstract The aim of the study is to test the deep microflora bacterial strains for their ability to grow in oily environment, aliphatic hydrocarbons and toluene were taken as examples of aromatic hydrocarbons and where the cultivation of selected strain, were produced for testing its growth and microbial activity of selected strains in conditions simulating soil conditions; assess the usability these strains in practical remediation of contamination by oil. This thesis deals with the evaluation of possible use of selected strains of deep microflora for oil decomposition. It is evident, that some groups of microorganisms living in the Tertiary claystones at depths of 30-450 m below the surface are the biodegradable fossil organic matter type of kerogen. Chemical findings indicate that, this organic matter consists of various lengths of aliphatic chains, and thus the assumption that microorganisms decomposing kerogen might be able to disassemble oil and petroleum products. The findings of our experiment indicate that benzene and toluene, as well as kerogen are highly resistant to organic compounds and evidence of microbial degradation are rare. Utilization of oil as representative aliphatic compounds is better...
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Remediation of groundwater contaminated by oil products
Kabelíková, Eva ; Úterský, Michal (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis describes rehabilitation of groundwater which is contaminated with oil products. The first part describes methods of collecting groundwater from the sources together with forms possibilities and properties of groundwater pollution and characteristics of pollutants. In addition, oil substances and their properties are described, followed by methods of groundwater protection and liquidation of accidents. At the end of the first part, ways of remediation of contaminated groundwater are presented. The second part of the thesis contains an overview of companies that carry out remediation work and description of their solution technologies.
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Screening of possibilities of deep subsurface microflora to decompose selected organic compounds
Kuanysheva, Assel ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kryštůfek, Václav (referee)
Screening of possibilities of deep subsurface microflora to decompose selected organic compounds Abstract The aim of the study is to test the deep microflora bacterial strains for their ability to grow in oily environment, aliphatic hydrocarbons and toluene were taken as examples of aromatic hydrocarbons and where the cultivation of selected strain, were produced for testing its growth and microbial activity of selected strains in conditions simulating soil conditions; assess the usability these strains in practical remediation of contamination by oil. This thesis deals with the evaluation of possible use of selected strains of deep microflora for oil decomposition. It is evident, that some groups of microorganisms living in the Tertiary claystones at depths of 30-450 m below the surface are the biodegradable fossil organic matter type of kerogen. Chemical findings indicate that, this organic matter consists of various lengths of aliphatic chains, and thus the assumption that microorganisms decomposing kerogen might be able to disassemble oil and petroleum products. The findings of our experiment indicate that benzene and toluene, as well as kerogen are highly resistant to organic compounds and evidence of microbial degradation are rare. Utilization of oil as representative aliphatic compounds is better...
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Non-energy Applications of Lignite
Majzlíková, Petra ; Maršálek, Roman (referee) ; Janoš, Pavel (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with various physical-chemical aspects of agricultural and environmental applications of the South Moravian lignite. The main attention was paid to the behavior of lignite in an aqueous environment and the application potential of lignite as a cheap, effective and universal sorbent. In the experimental part of the thesis, aqueous extracts of lignite were characterized in detail (by measurement of pH, conductivity, and by the qualitative and quantitative determination of inorganic constituents). The high sorption affinity towards polar (cationic dyes) and nonpolar compounds (petroleum products) was confirmed experimentally. At last, simple methods of the laboratory preparation of lignite granules was designed and optimized. The main aim of this part was to combine the unusual sorption properties of lignite with an improvement of the end-use properties of the product (user-friendly handling, controlled release of the lignite into the aqueous environment, etc.). The thesis represents a complex compilation of the results of pilot experiments which represent the starting point of detailed future works focused on the non-energetic application of this valuable natural material.
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Ecological water service accidents in Tábor region during 1995 - 2005
URBAN, Jan
Ecological water service accidents in Tabor region during 1995 - 2005 In developed, densely populated area the requirements for water are increasing, as for the element that is necessary for life on Earth and for the production processes in human society. To ensure this needs covering became a limit factor of development of all economic spheres during the last years. That´s why the water management is getting into a front of public interest. The requirements naturally increase also in others economic spheres and all life fields. Filling of these requirements is connected with many actions, that influence the water purity. Beside the consequent water pollution or water quality inducement , we can talk also about the water-service accidents. Usually we speak about the emergent situations, that have the negative influence on a water useful qualities and cause biological, sanitary, visual and other defects. Redevelopment of these accidents are very laboured and expensive. That´s why the goal of all actions spheres is to precede the pollution of surface and underground waters in time. Subject of this work was the examination of water-service accidents in Tabor region in period of 1995 {--} 2005. The base of the examinated samples was a try to analyze the emergent situation causes, evaluation of solution mechanism of water-service accidents and evaluation of their incidences. By using the current knowledges the conclusions were deduced not only for the prevential sphere, but also for action-redevelopment and financial part of final stabilization. From the database 1995 {--}2005 were found, that on the Tábor region there were a 142 emergent accidents examinated {--} pollution, surface or undeground water threats, or technical problems in given region. Most of the problems were identified in agriculture and water-service fields (24% each), other accidents in food industry ( 13%), transport (16%) . Very serious emergent situations appeared on the pipeline, that goes throug the region. Among the unheathy substances the accidens were caused mainly by the oil products (in 52 cases),fertilizers and other substances used in agriculture caused the accidents in 41 cases. Mainly the human factor appears while accident rise {--} in half of examinated cases. From the results was also deducted, that in 18 cases the accidents appeared in water sources protective zone, 4 events happened in Protective zone of natural water accumulation Třeboňsko. 21 accidents caused the fish or other water animals kill. From the given balance-sheet and knowledges the following conclusions for prevential sphere were made: constructions, equipments or actions, that can influence the water situation are made with the agreement of water right authorities, Their contruction {--} technical implementation mostly doesn´t collide with valid regulations and standarts. In prevential sphere is necessary to keep the legal regulations, related mainly to the periodic checks and revisions of objects build for stocking and manipulation with unhealthy substances, also the prosecution of control systems and using the instruments usefull also for the water-service. Not only for the prevential sphere, but also for the check and redevelopment activities theirselves would be suitable to exert the simple analytic components. The negative part during the accident solution is the feedback and laboratory results absence. More workshops and work stations should have their own contra-accident instruments. Wrecking plans should be much more easier, current range should be include into a operating regulations. In the interest of fish and othe water animals protection the cooperation with specialised workplaces and veterinary authorities should be extended. Legal share of competence for the sphere of undergroung water little bit complicate the wrecking situations solution possibilities .
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