|
|
Mechanics of flow of inhaled fibres in a replica of human airways
Kánská, Jana ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
The ability to describe the movement of fibrous particles is essential not only because inhaled fibers can cause serious lung diseases, but also because the fibrous shape of particles could be suitable for inhalable medications. The theoretical part of the work is dedicated to the methods currently used to model the transport of fibers, both in simple cases and in models of human lungs. Furthermore, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of fiber movement a deposition. An overview of experimental and computational studies is provided. In the experimental part, two deposition experiments with polydisperse fibers were conducted. One experiment represented a woman’s breathing during heavy activity, with an effective inhalation flow rate of 127 l/min. The other represented a woman’s normal breathing, with an effective inhalation flow rate of 19.1 l/min. A female lung model was used, created by modifying a male lung model. The results confirmed that with a lower inhalation flow rate, fibers have the potential to penetrate deeper into the lungs, specifically beyond the 7th generation of branching in the tracheobronchial tree. Among the most significant findings is the fact that to ensure effective targeted drug delivery in the case of aerosolized fibrous medications, it is necessary to control the inhalation style, particularly the maximum flow rate.
|
|
|
Transport and Deposition of Aerosol in Human Respiratory Tract
Elcner, Jakub ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Volavý, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jícha, Miroslav (advisor)
One of approaches in treatment of respiratory system diseases is the use of drug particles suspended in air in the form of aerosol. It is a fast and non-invasive method for the delivery of medicine into tracheobronchial tree or bloodstream. Although the method of the medication dosage by means of inhalers or nebulizers is well known, the effectiveness of that approach is still an actual issue. A significant amount of drugs delivered with the use of the medication dosage never reaches its primary destination and the drugs deposit in antecendent areas of respiratory tract where their presence is not required. This thesis deals with a problem of the passage of monodisperse homogenous aerosol with micron-size particles through the upper parts of the respiratory tract. This work was created with the use of numerical simulations carried out by means of the finite volume method in the commercial code based on computational fluid dynamics. Turbulence was modelled using the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the two-equation eddy viscosity k-omega SST model. The main output of the thesis is the analysis of airflow in two respiratory regimes. Stationary and cyclic cases of the flow behaviour were considered and the validation of simulated results with experiments performed on similar geometries was carried out. Furthermore, the review of simplified lung models and their geometries was made and the acquired results were used for the calculation of air distribution in the respiratory tract. The last part of the thesis deals with the calculation of particle deposition and with the analysis of the results.
|
|
|
Design of Steam Inhaler
Zháňalová, Barbora ; Buganská, Tamara (referee) ; Fridrichová, Eva (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is design of steam inhaler. Which should respect functional, technical and aesthetic requirements. Work includes a study of the current situation in the market and development of new technologies in the field. The proposal deals with ergonomic and design aspects of the issue.
|
|
|
Influence of early antibiotic treatment on lower airway microbial colonisation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Kroupová, Alžběta ; Duška, František (advisor) ; Kukol, Václav (referee)
AJ Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Its development is preceded by colonization of the lower respiratory tract with pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate how antibiotic therapy administered for non-pulmonary infections affects the colonization of the lower respiratory tract compared to patients not receiving antibiotics. The hypothesis is that antibiotic treatment reduces colonization of the lower respiratory tract but increases the occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study conducted on critically ill patients hospitalized at the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady. This study is part of an ongoing project aimed at improving the quality of care and preventing VAP in intensive care unit patients. Patients had to meet certain criteria: they had to be on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, have no pre-existing pulmonary diseases upon hospital admission, and not be immunocompromised. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of patients with positive microbiological...
|
|
|
The problematics of securing airways of a patient with an acute respiratory disease
BABOUČKOVÁ, Martina
The topic of our Bachelor's thesis is "Problematics of securing airways of a patient with an acute respiratory disease". The aim of this thesis is to map the issue. The thesis contains the theoretical part and the research part. The theoretical part focuses on anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract, monitoring of respiratory system, monitoring of consciousness, securing of the respiratory system and caring for the patient connected to the artificial pulmonary ventilation. Furthermore, this work also deals with nosocomial and professional infection and especially with acute respiratory disease. The research was conducted through qualitative research using a semi-structured interview with 10 qualified specialists and paramedics working at the department of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation and at Emergency Medical Services. To designe researche were chosen for these research questions: 1. How do the paramedics protect themselves when securing the airways of a patient with acute respiratory disease? 2. How often do paramedics encounter the activity of securing airways of a patient with acute respiratory disease? 3. What is the attitude of paramedics in practice when it comes to securing the airways of a patient with acute respiratory disease? The purpose of this Bachelor's thesis is to find out how the paramedics proceed in securing the airways and how they react when they encounter the acute respiratory disease. This Bachelor's thesis serves as a material that points to the correct use of barrier protection. The result of the research shows that the paramedics meet with the respiratory disease only rarely. The questions were also aimed at the compliance with barrier protection. The main benefit of this Bachelor´s thesis should be the awareness of non-compliance with barrier protection and subsequent use of protection against respirátory disease.
|
|
|
The role of paediatric nurses in the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases of children with a focus on prevention of parents' smoking
TRUČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Abstract Objective: The research study is to characterize the nurses´ role in the prevention of chronic respiratory disease, focusing on smoking prevention. The next objective is to raise awareness among parents about the negative impacts of smoking on the health of their children. It was then established, how many informations have got parents smokers about adverse effect on the health of their children. In relation to these objectives was established six research questions. The way of achieving the objective: To achieve the objectives a method of qualitative research was chosen, which was implemented through in-depth interviews. On the basis of specified research questions were created individual categories for getting answers to the research questions. It was elected a methode of intentional choice. Survey research took place in outpatient offices in the districts Znojmo and Brno Venkov. 10 parents smokers and 10 nourses agreed to be interwieved through using a method of anonymous questioning. Scientific benefits: A research study presents an overview of the impact of smoking on the health of children, the possibilities for intervention in the prevention of chronic diseases of children and and helping their parents smokers in the treatment of tobacco dependence. It will find application in primarily preventive and inpatient care as well. The knowledges gained and their conclusions: Baby nurse has important and irreplaceable role in the healthy development of children and in the prevention of risks to their health. Risk behaviour of children and youth is currently a serious social problem. The educational efforts has to be directed to change lifestyle and its components and is connected with the support of health. The results of our investigation shows that parents smokers often underestimate the influence smoking on the health of their children and are not very willing to do something for children. Parents also underestimate the effect of passive smoking, even though most of them have sufficient information about the risks. Whereas, children usually can't decide on environment, where they live, health professionals would aim interventions to protect children including the unborn ones. Question of health education is included in the nurse´s competences and is ordered to the doctors and nurses by law. It is therefore desirable that paramedics, having used their authority, increase their efforts and interventions to promote non-smoking. Nurse can help the patient with motivation and treatment their addiction and intervene according to recommendations based on scientific evidences. To a short 10 minute intervention has nurse opportunity apply in every contact with the patient, during his visit at doctor´s office or at the hospital in the pacients admitted to hospital. At least ask about smoking and give the smokers clear recommandation how to stop smoking and offer clear advice to the treatment referred in the brochure, with information of the harmful effects of smoking on the health of children. Use for practice: The conclusions were accepted in the scientific magazine Pediatry for practice and magazine Florence.
|
|
|
Transport and Deposition of Aerosol in Human Respiratory Tract
Elcner, Jakub ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Volavý, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jícha, Miroslav (advisor)
One of approaches in treatment of respiratory system diseases is the use of drug particles suspended in air in the form of aerosol. It is a fast and non-invasive method for the delivery of medicine into tracheobronchial tree or bloodstream. Although the method of the medication dosage by means of inhalers or nebulizers is well known, the effectiveness of that approach is still an actual issue. A significant amount of drugs delivered with the use of the medication dosage never reaches its primary destination and the drugs deposit in antecendent areas of respiratory tract where their presence is not required. This thesis deals with a problem of the passage of monodisperse homogenous aerosol with micron-size particles through the upper parts of the respiratory tract. This work was created with the use of numerical simulations carried out by means of the finite volume method in the commercial code based on computational fluid dynamics. Turbulence was modelled using the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the two-equation eddy viscosity k-omega SST model. The main output of the thesis is the analysis of airflow in two respiratory regimes. Stationary and cyclic cases of the flow behaviour were considered and the validation of simulated results with experiments performed on similar geometries was carried out. Furthermore, the review of simplified lung models and their geometries was made and the acquired results were used for the calculation of air distribution in the respiratory tract. The last part of the thesis deals with the calculation of particle deposition and with the analysis of the results.
|
|
|
Design of Steam Inhaler
Zháňalová, Barbora ; Buganská, Tamara (referee) ; Fridrichová, Eva (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is design of steam inhaler. Which should respect functional, technical and aesthetic requirements. Work includes a study of the current situation in the market and development of new technologies in the field. The proposal deals with ergonomic and design aspects of the issue.
|
|
|
Airway management from the perspective of nurses in intensive care
SLANINOVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor work deals with the possibilities of establishing an airway that can perform nurses for intensive care. Breathing is one of the basic and very important life functions necessary for life. In today's advanced medicine is a wide range of opportunities to ensure the airways, or at least encouraged to perform proper function. Securing the airway is a very important part of the pre-hospital emergency care, but also on the wards in the hospital. The theoretical part of my bachelor is engaged a complex provision of the respirátory tract. The first section deals with the short description of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory breathing. In other chapters describe airway. The following chapters were directly aimed at ensuring the airway, which were distributed to provide the tools, equipment and without indications for collateral. U airway management devices without describing the revision of the oral cavity, head bent backward and triple maneuver, shot in the back and the Heimlich maneuver. The practical part was focused on determining whether the sisters were higher competence in the provision of respiratory and how intensive care nurses provide their throughput. The research was conducted using quantitative research using an anonymous questionnaire at the hospital in České Budějovice a.s. and in the sand. The questionnaire able be completed only by workers who have graduated from specialty anesthesia resuscitation and intensive care. The questionnaire was printed and included 20 questions. Each question was displayed in a graph. The total number of questionnaires that were distributed, 100, 82 of them returned, but only 61 were fully completed and could be used. Research suggests that nurses who studied ARIP received enough informatik and practical experience during their studies. Specializing mostly work on anestesiology and resuscitation wards and intensive care units. At your workplace have aids, such as laryngeal mask airways and endotracheal tube. The vast majority of respondents have difficulty securing and aspirations in securing the airway. Sisters during their practice provide respiratory laryngeal mask and Combitubus, countless assisted by endotracheal intubation, but its remit would not want to have this power, because of its difficulty. Finally, it is important to note that to achieve the set objectives, where it was found that nurses stand to increase their competence, but only with some performance and throughput. Respiratory ensured by the air ducts and laryngeal masks.
|
guest ::
