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Anastomosis in the peripheral arterial bed, its shape, arrangement, and remodeling
Grusová, Gabriela ; Lambert, Lukáš (advisor) ; Křivánek, Jiří (referee) ; Guňka, Igor (referee)
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower limbs affects more than a fifth of the population over the age of 65 in the developed countries. PAD decreases the quality of life. It can lead to the loss of the limb or even death. Various risk factors that overlap with the risk factors for CHD and CMP have been identified. Chronic forms of PAD are staged according to Fontain's classification. Diagnosis of PAD is based on the clinical presentation, physical examination (including measurement of blood pressure difference) and confirmed by imaging methods. Treatment of PAD consists of influencing risk factors, treating symptoms and revascularization. Femoropopliteal bypass is the most common surgical procedure performed for revascularization. The conduit can be either a vein or a prosthesis. The preferred connection to the popliteal artery is an end-to-side anastomosis. It carries the risk of occlusion due to thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, or progression of atherosclerosis. Intimal hyperplasia is a physiological response of the vessel wall to abnormal blood flow - turbulent flow, stagnation, oscillating flow, recirculation. The development of intimal hyperplasia can be influenced by constructing the anastomosis with regard to its hemodynamics - mainly the angle of the anastomosis, the ratio of the...
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Serum concentration of vitamin D in patients with femoral neck fracture
Matoušková, Karolína ; Wenchich, László (advisor) ; Zikán, Vít (referee)
Vitamin D significantly affects metabolism of the bone tissue. It keeps homeostasis of calcium and phosphor and thus contributes to healthier mineralization of bones. Lack of those substances pertains to risk factors for development of osteoporosis and subsequent complications during possible downfalls and fractures. The role of vitamin D in bone disease has been increasing in recent years, but its importance in the early post-fracture period is not yet fully understood. This thesis is a prospective study of metabolism of vitamin D and its metabolites in post-operative stage of patients with femoral neck fractures. It is a basic quantitative research, where received data are analysed. Blood samples obtained from a total of 18 patients, whose blood was taken on the day of surgery and 6 weeks after surgery (± 1 week), were used as material. Resulted values of 25-OH vitamin D increased from 23,02 ± 16,02 nmol/l to 25,75 ± 16,30 nmol/l (diameter ± standard deviation). In contrast, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D decreased from 76,81 ± 41,84 pmol/l to 55,88 ± 26,34 pmol/l. Statistically significant results at a significance level of p≤0,05 were only observed for parathyroid hormone (PTH), with values decreasing from 6,31 ± 3,95 pmol/l to 3,96 ± 2,25 pmol/l. Vitamin D examinations in our patients showed reduced...
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The influence of physiotherapy on patients with osteoporosis
REJŽKOVÁ, Olga
The theoretical part poses challange of osteoporosis as a disease that is in the limelight in recent years. Since it is a disease that causes bone rarefaction and bone stock loss was part of the work devoted to themes of microscopic and macroscopic structure of bone, bone formation and development, factors affecting growth and bone remodeling. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the different types of osteoporosis, defines the causes and risk factors of disease, informs about modern methods and treatment procedures and establishes important principles for prevention. This work also focuses on the diagnosis of disease, particularly it is centred on the clinical and X-ray studies, osteodensitometry and laboratory tests which are currently the most frequently used methods of diagnosis. The examination procedures were discribed in detail in section operating methodology of research that were later used in the actual researches. They were especially densitometry imaging method that was used to determine bone density, followed by laboratory tests by means of them were detected samples of blood levels for substances that affect bone metabolism. To evaluate muscle strength and shortened muscle groups are used methods by prof. MUDr.Vladimir Janda, DrSc. Furthermore, the assessment of spine development, character and poise along with examination of stability were evaluated according to Romberg. The invertigate was composed of four patients. Two of them were involved in regular physiotherapeutic exercises, the other two were treated only with medicaments.
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