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Vyhodnocení zaplevelení polních plodin na vybraných pozemcích
Němec, Rostislav
The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the weed infestation of selected field crops on the lands of the agricultural cooperative Klenovice na Hané. The monitoring was carried out from the end of summer 2016 until the beginning of autumn 2017. The selected crops were the most grown ones, barley (Hordeum vulgare), common wheat (Triticum aestivum), rapeseed (Brassica napus var. napus), maize (Zea mays) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris convar. vulgaris var. altissima). The investigation of weed infestation of field crops was carried out during fieldwork using numerical method and the delineation of 1 m2 with following processing using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Mostly were found these kinds of weeds Apera spica-venti, Atriplex patula, Brassica napus var. napus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cirsium arvense, Descurainia sophia, Elytrigia repens, Galium aparine, Chenopodium album and Tripleurospermum inodorum.
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Regeneration and growth of Cirsium arvense L. roots
Čítek, Jaroslav ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) is a perennial, deep-rooted, herbal weed from the family Asteraceae, reproducing generative and vegetative. It belongs to the very important weeds, it is ranked among the ten most noxious weeds of the world.
It became an extremely important weed especially for its ability to colonize arable land and high reproductive and competitive ability. The aim of this work is to create a comprehensive information on the biological attributes of Canada thistle, that
are important for its reproduction and survival at the site. Furthermore, to describe and analyze the effective ways of its management, which are currently used.
Literature review deals with biological characteristics of Canada thistle.
It describes the importance and harmfulness, morphology, reproduction
and dissemination of Canada thistle. Further it discloses the methods of direct
and indirect regulation.
In the research section dynamics of stems creation was described
and the regeneration ability of root fragments of various lengths of Canada thistle, placed in different soil depths was examined. The assumptions of the experiment was, that regeneration of Canada thistle can be influenced both the length of root fragments and the burial depth. Length of the root fragments significantly affected regeneration, it had an impact on all five observed characteristics: number of new plants (p<0.001), number of shoos (p=0.046), weight of aboveground (p=0.016)
and root (p<0.001) biomass and length of the newly formed root system (p<0.001).
The influence of the burial depth has significant effect on the number of plants (p=0.038), number of stems (p=0.001) and weight root biomass (p=0.045). One receptacle has created an average of 121.5 g of biomass. Most of the total biomass produced 8 cm long root fragments (160.1 g). Plants arising from the shortest fragments created 115.1 g total biomass.
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Control of weeds in cultivated root crops
VITURKA, Martin
Damages, which weeds caused annually are difficult to quantify and its negative influence manifests annually in all crops and all fields.Chemical weed control is presently considered an important method for controlling weeds. The essence of chemical pest weeds consists in the use of herbicides to reduce weed species population under the economic threshold of harmfulness. In an effort to control weed populations using three methods: mechanical, chemical and biological. In the thesis was mapped weeds in potatoes on private land in Plasná, district of Jindřichův Hradec in region of South Bohemia. In the practical part of this thesis, I conducted an experiment that was aimed at monitoring the effects of selected herbicides in crops of potatoes. The aim of the experiment was to verify the effects of herbicides on the population most frequently occurring weeds in the root crops. The results showed that the herbicide is more effective for preemergence weed monitored. Assessment of weed infestation was carried out numerical method (ANOVA, Tukey = 0,05) in the ARM 8 (GyllingDataManage ment, Inc.) Spring 2013 - Fall 2013.
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Biology, occurrence and control Cockspur Grass(\kur{Echinochloa crus-galli} (L.) Beauv.)on arable land
VITURKA, Martin
This work is focused on the occurrence of Cockspur Grass (lat. Echinochloa crus-galli) on arable land and ways and means of its regulation. Damages which are annually caused by weeds are very difficult to quantify and their negative impact is reflected every year in all crops and all fields. Cocksour Grass belongs among the most dangerous weeds, especially in wide-row stands. Furthermore, I focused on the issue of late weed, seed dormancy and resistance of populations. A related question is possible solution to the protection of stands against weeds using both preventive and direct methods of control plants. An experiment was made to check influence of herbicides on the population of Cockspur and other weed species which occur in this root-crops. The result showed which kind of herbicide is more effective with pre-emergence application to Cockspur Grass and other monitored weeds.
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