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The Use of Alternative Sources in the Building Industry
Dvořák, Jakub ; Vymazal, Tomáš (referee) ; Žižková, Nikol (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of waste as alternative raw materials in construction industry. The first part is dedicated to the historical development of waste management, to the valid legislation in the Czech Republic in 2017 and outlines the distribution of waste according to various criteria. The information about waste production and waste management is processed in the form of tables and graphs. The more extensive second part of the thesis uses theoretical knowledge in the field of waste management and on the base of the Waste Separation Catalog is composed a list of waste materials which can be used in construction industry. Further are described the possibilities of suitable waste utilization at production and also mentioned some particular construction products with their features.
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Elemental analysis of the flat display devices for urban mining
Štípek, Radek ; Strnad, Ladislav (advisor) ; Mihaljevič, Martin (referee)
aaaaaRare earth elements (Sc, Y and group 15 lanthanides) and their compounds currently have significant practical use in metallurgy, glass industry, as highly active catalysts for the production of so-called. NiMH batteries, alloys for the manufacture of permanent magnets and e.g. moderators rods in the nuclear energy, but above all they have an irreplaceable role in modern electronics for phosphors TV screens, CRT earlier today, PDP and LCD monitors and displays, tablets, mobile phones etc., which give them a high-quality picture and sound. Unlike most base and precious metals are concentrated in the conquerable ore deposits, occur in the form of compounds as part of mixed minerals in the rarely economically exploitable concentrations, a mining and processing is costly and negative impacts on the environment, paradoxically towards the title but their overall content in the crust is relatively high, the average concentration in the range of about 150 to 220 ppm. The main world producer of REE, China, in 2010, significantly reduced exports by 40 %, making prices of some REE increased up to 1500 % during the month. Demand for REE is growing, so often talks about the recycling of valuable materials back into production, as called. "Urban mining", ie "urban mining", thereby reducing the amount of...
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Landfilling legislation
Černý, David ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
Abstract AJ The goal of this thesis is to thoroughly chart the problem of waste management in Czech Republic and the European Union and to outline legal and economic situation in waste treatment and in its alternatives. This thesis deals with different types of landfills, their technical aspects and methods of depositing waste. The thesis also tries to point out material and energetic use of waste before landfilling. Recycling is considered to be important because it decreases the amount of waste stored in landfills. Composting and anaerobic digestion are the other methods of disposal. The thesis also describes the possibilities of usage of the landfill gasses with the help of cogeneration units. The thesis refers to current level of waste landfilling in the Czech Republic and in other countries of the European Union. Key words: waste management, landfilling, landfills, waste sorting, material recovery from waste, recycling, composting, energy recovery from waste, incineration,
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Plastic Age - plastics as a legitimate part of the arts and art education
Rokosová, Magdaléna ; Velíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Sedlák, Michal (referee)
Rokosová Magdaléna: Plastic Age - plastic as a legitimate part of the arts and art education [thesis], Prague 2015 - Charles university in Prague, Faculty of education, department of art This diploma thesis is focused on mapping the potential of synthetic or semi- synthetic polymeric materials as specific means for fine art and art education. The theoretical part summarizes the crucial moments and the possibility of using plastics in applied arts (design) as well as in free creation and their everyday use in various fields and the resulting significant determination of our lives with these materials, including adverse effects on human health and our planet. Didactic series uses the appropriate means with regard to addressing the topics and the target group of pupils in second level primary school. It gently draws attention to the amount of plastic waste produced, and also presents the possibility of using these materials for creative work. The artistic section is focused on original works of fine art with the use of synthetic materials and verifying their expected potential. Its content is mainly engaged in the contrast of artificial and natural world and the question of whether these two seemingly distant worlds are really separable.
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Application of renewable and recyclable raw materials for preparation of new polymers
Horák, Pavel
This thesis deals with optimalization of flexible polyurethane foam recycling with using of natural polyols based on rape seed oil and fish oil and it explores applications of depolymerized polyol product by formulations of new polyurethane materials. The experiments of depolymerisation showed that both tested natural oil (rape seed oil and fish oil) can be used as effective reagents for polyurethane recycling. Reaction conditions of depolymerisation were optimised with model flexible polyurethane foam and applied on waste foam from real conditions. Gain of depolymerisation is one-faze low viscosity (to 1500 mPa.s) liquid polyol products with content of hydroxyl groups ca 3 mmol/g. These polyols can be used for polymerisation of new materials. First application of recycled polyols was formulation of polyurethane foam systems. Through optimising of formula was prepared low-density semirigid foam containing 100 percentage of recycled polyol. Properties of these foams correspond to commercial foams. To prepare of homogenous cast polyurethane system based on recycled polyols it was necessary to add proper solvent, therefor extent of application has been lowered. On that account the systems were tested for study of polyaddition reaction and for following properties of the material. In these tests, the reactivity...
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The study of recycling non-ferrous metals in the EU and the Czech Republic
Rákosník, Vítězslav ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
Overall, recycling entails both advantages and disadvantages. The major advantage is saving large amounts of energy in recycling compared to primary raw material, which is another big plus for recycling non-ferrous metals - save primary raw material. The Czech Republic and many other countries are largely dependent on imports of certain raw materials (aluminum, lead, copper, etc.) or just on mentioned recycling. Nowadays, increase in the number of electrical devices (computers, mobile telephones, tablets, etc.), is recycling of scrap metal very important, because in each device occurs a certain amount of non- ferrous metals, noble metals, which can be used again. In this work will be described commonly used non-ferrous metals (properties, inventories, recovery and recycling). Theses also deal with e-waste and its management. Key words: non-ferrous metals, recycling, utilization
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Can We Consider Recycling of Wastes as a Shift in the Environmental Consciousness?
Gregor, Martin ; Lapka, Miloslav (advisor) ; Duží, Barbora (referee)
This bachelor's thesis analyses the phenomenon of recycling waste from the culturological perspective, but not from the ecological, technological or logistical point of view. Pivotal element of the whole work is a conception of culture. Culture in this thesis is understands and uses as abiotic system of adaption of our society to the environment. The main topic of the whole study is the attitude, and position of the level of environmental consciousness in our society. This study - with a help of multidisciplinary analysis - looks for an answer whether rise and popularization of contemporary waste sorting can be considered as an indicator of cultural change, respectively to move the society towards pro- environmental consciousness. A key part of the thesis is a case study evaluating the influence social and demographic impacts on the level and manifestations of environmental consciousness. This study is based on a comparison of the level of mentioned kind of consciousness between the city inhabitants and village locations. Key words: Wastes, Recycling, Environment, Environmental Consciousness, Environmental society, Sustainable development.
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Importance of Plastics and the Impacts of Plastic Waste: The Sociological View on the Possibilities of Solutions of Plastic Waste Accumulated in the Oceans
Heuer, Dan ; Zvěřinová, Iva (advisor) ; Kyselá, Eva (referee)
Importance of Plastics and the Impacts of Plastic Waste: The Sociological View on the Possibilities of Solutions of Plastic Waste Accumulated in the Oceans Dan Heuer Abstract: The Paper deals with a question of plastic waste in the oceans. Especially, it asks about particular solutions concerning plastic waste and its effectiveness. Firstly, it is identified how human understands plastic as a material. Subsequently, negative impacts on the environment caused by plastic waste are summarized. Especially, little pieces of plastic are significant problem. Animals often mistake it for food so they can transfer harmful substances to the food chain. The main part of the work is an analysis of particular solutions. It shows that the prevention and development of bio-plastics has greater potential to solve this problem than recycling and other methods. Although there is needed to know that all of the solutions work together in cooperation so they are dependent on each other. Author presents the model of Competing functions of the environment. This system demonstrates that even though the resolving of the problem is not achievable in short period, it would be very positive that humankind is trying to fight against the stream of plastic waste to ocean. Therefore establish the balance among utility possibilities which...
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Chemical composition of photovoltaic panels
Koudelová, Marta ; Šebek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of photovoltaic cells and panels. The literature search was formed from selected available literature with the purpose to characterize different types of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and thin-films photovoltaic cells and describe the application of photovoltaic cells in the world and in the Czech Republic. In the next part of this thesis is a summary of current knowledge about recycling of photovoltaic cells and other utilization of layers and their possible impact on the environment. The practical part of the thesis deals with selected samples of PV panels. A few samples of photovoltaic panels were taken for chemical analyses. Chemical analyses are performed of the five samples of the photovoltaic panels. The results of chemical analyses were compared with acquired data from the literature. The results of the multielementary analysis of selected samples was that the photovoltaic panels contain a risk elements (e. g. As, Cd, Sb, Mo). The PV panels also contain economics utilizable elements (Ag). Content of silicon is up to 78,18 % SiO2. Key words Photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic cell, chemical analysis, risk elements, recycling
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