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Susceptibility of European vector species to leishmaniases spreading into Europe.
Hošková, Anna ; Sádlová, Jovana (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
The first part of this thesis is focused on testing the ability of selected European sand fly species to support the development of Leishmania major, L. donovani and L. martiniquensis. A total of 15 experimental infections were performed and 1601 female sand flies were analysed. The results show that Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. tobbi support development of L. major and L. donovani (mature infections with colonization of the stomodeal valve and metacyclic promastigotes developed), while L. martiniquensis did not survive defecation. The vector competence of Sergentomyia minuta to Leishmania could not be tested because the females of this species refused to take blood meal on feeders, although several types of membranes, blood and experimental conditions were tested. Further, biting midges were studied in two areas of Czech equine autochthonous cases of L. martiniquensis. A total of 3341 bloodfed and parous females from Slatiňany and 119 from Ústí n. L. were analysed. The most abundant were biting midges from the Culicoides obsoletus complex. None of the 97 pools were positive for Leishmania DNA, but in 15 pools from Slatiňany was detected DNA of Herpetomonas ztiplika and one pool from Ústí n. L. contained DNA of Trypanosoma sp. from T. theileri group. The isolation of L. martiniquensis was...
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The impacts of climate change on the European populations of Orthoptera (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Horáčková, Kateřina ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
Climate change has a significant impact on the environment and ecosystems around the world. Insects od the order Orthoptera, which form an important part of biodiversity and participate in a number of ecosystem functions, are no exception. This bachelor's thesis tries to summarize the available information on the effects of climate change on Orthoptera and on their ecological interactions in Europe. In the individual chapters, I analyze the effect of climate change on insects in general and, as well as on my focal group. The results imply that that alpine species will either shift their distribution areas to higher altitudes or shift their northern limit of occurrence. If such species no longer have anywhere to expand, there is a risk of losing their optimal living conditions with all possible consequences. In the Czech Republic, the northward expansion of the distribution ranges (spread) of some of the 96 species living here has been recorded. An example can be the katydid species Ruspolia nitidula, which is newly spreading, for example, in the Odra aluvium. Other species are for example katydids Phaneroptera falcata and Phaneroptera nana whose spread is also attributed to climate change. Key words: Orthoptera, climate change, distribution, Europe, ecology, change in physiology insects
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