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The Narrowness of the Jewish World in the <> Encyclical of James in the Context of Political and Religious Conflicts of the Second Temple Period
Tarasenko, Olexandr ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee) ; Ábel, František (referee)
This dissertation explores the value system held by the author of the Epistle of James. Most likely, this interesting Epistle of a former Galilean peasant is a collection of his sermons or discourses gathered and edited by one of his followers. The Epistle does not relate to any specific problems of concrete communities or persons and, therefore, it may be viewed as an encyclical letter. The author's main tone is: «you must act in this way and only this way». Therefore this document is a type of «halakhah», a literary form used by the sages of Israel before the Common Era. «Halakhah», as well as the Greek literary form paraenesis, does not imply any discussion of the material, but rather calls the readers to submission. The author of this «halakhic» encyclical shifts the attention of his readers from their realities to his idealistic world. He omits many aspects of Second-Temple-Period Jewish life, focusing his attention instead on the rules of spiritual life common for both Judeans and Christians. This focus explains why the Epistle has only two brief and indirect references to Jesus Christ, who as the hero surprisingly does not play a distinctive role. for several reasons the Messiah is replaced by famous characters from the Tanakh (i. e., Abraham, Rahab, Job, and Elijah) as being the best examples for...
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Shifts in Perception of Melchizedeks Figure in the Old Testament, Intertestamental Literature and the New Testament
POSPÍŠIL, Petr
This work concerns the shifts in the perception of the figure of Melchizedek in the Old Testament, Intertestamental sources and the New Testament. It explicates three central biblical texts which are speaking about Melchizedek. These texts are: the book of Genesis 14, Psalm 110 and the Epistle to the Hebrews. The work also aims to notice perceiving Melchizedek{\crq}s figure in non-biblical sources, like Qumran texts, Targums, apocryphs or the testimonies of church fathers. The findings coming from these sources are compared together in the conclusion of the work. Each of traditions is different, so we can not make unambiguous conclusion about figure of Melchizedek. Some non-biblical Melchizedekian traditions still continue, some others have disappeared entirely.
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