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Removal of micropollutants from wastewater by adsorbtion.
Trávníček, Jakub ; Macsek, Tomáš (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to create a research on the issue of adsorption of micropolutants with a subsequent focus on biochar. The first part therefore deals with the micropolutants themselves, the origin of their formation in wastewater and their negative impact on the health of organisms. It also deals with adsorption technology, discusses its basic knowledge necessary to grasp the topic and describes known adsorbents and their use. It pays special attention to biochar. The second part of the thesis deals with practical filter tests of adsorption abilities of biochar on wastewater from tunnel maintenance and treatment carried out in the laboratory of the AdMaS centre.
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Preprocessing of sewage sludge for pyrolysis process
Ševčík, Jan ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The concept of sludge management at the level of sludge treating technology of sewage treatment plants, as well as at national, continental or world level, requires fundamental improvement in the interest of sustainable development. Sewage sludge production is continuously increasing. Sewage sludge contains a number of pollutants but also a significant renewable resource for material transformation and / or energy recovery. Sewage sludge is composed of an inorganic mineral part and organic components. Its organic part is a source of energy and nutrients, but also contains harmful pollutants for exapmple heavy metals. However, there are technologies that offer the possibility of neutralizing pollutants while using other sludge components in terms of recycling energy, nutrients and other attractive sludge components. The mentioned technologies include mainly thermal methods of sewage sludge treatment and one of them is pyrolysis. Thessis focuses on sewage sludge prepartation for pyrolysis process, which includes mixing with additives and peletization of prepared mixture for purposes of agricultural or energetical utilisation. Technology for material transformation and energy utilization of sewage sludge, in particular the mentioned pyrolysis or torrefaction, require an insignificant degree of detailed research in order to expand it in the field of sludge management. Indeed, it is not only research that will enable direct correct use of this technology in practice. The results of such research are the basis for the drafting of the relevant legislation, which will subsequently enable the deployment of pyrolysis technologies in practice.
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Inorganic analysis of microwave pyrolysis products from sewage sludge
Šintajová, Kristína ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of risk elements found in the sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants and the issue of contamination caused by sludge deposition in soils. Extractions of sewage sludge samples before and after pyrolysis treatment were implemented according to the sequential extraction of BCR and also using aqueous leaching. The determination of the selected element was performed on an atomic absorption spectrometer. A literature research on the use of modified sewage sludge after pyrolysis to increase fertility, improve soil properties and improve their quality was also processed.
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Distribution of the Organic Matter in a Sample of Biochar
Novotný, Maximilián ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on characterization of the content and distribution of organic matter in a sample of biochar. For these purposes, the organic matter from a biochar sample was isolated using two procedures, specifically sequential chemical fractionation, and alkali extraction. Prepared samples were characterized by elemental analysis and thermogravimetry. Analysis results showed that sequential chemical fractionation brings higher yields than alkali extraction, moreover, it provides more detailed image of organic matter in biochar thanks to obtained separated fractions according to their linkage to the original biochar matrix. Secondly, studied biochar has a great potential as soil supplement, it contains almost 70 % of organic carbon, whilst isolated amount, which is available represent only small amount, the rest is strongly bound. On the other hand, the study showed that this specific biochar has rigid structure, which brings benefits in the context of using biochar in agriculture in long-term consideration.
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Preparation and basic chemical and physical characterization of biochar from wheat bran
Zouharová, Kamila ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
At present, the extraction of biochar and its use is a much-discussed topic in the chemical and research fields. The use of biochar is very often declined in the areas of agriculture, waste management, environmental improvement and the fight against global warming. In addition to these sectors, the topic of biochar is also addressed in the production of bio-diesel and bio-oil. Due to the current use of secondary products during biotechnological processes, the presented theoretical and practical study focused on the issue of obtaining biochar from bran by pyrolysis at different temperatures. Part of the practical part was the extraction of biochar from bran and its subsequent analysis, which could be used to characterize biochar obtained from bran by pyrolysis physically and chemically. The characterization of bran biochar was solved by various analytical methods. These techniques yielded, for example, pH, conductivity, particle distribution, elemental composition of biochar, porosity and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thanks to this study, the properties of biochar and its possible applications in everyday life were characterized in detail. Given the very promising use of biochar obtained from bran, it can be said that this will be a very desirable topic for the future.
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Torrefaction Influence on Biomass Structure
Kojecký, Dalibor ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Elbl, Patrik (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on the properties of fuels arising from torrefaction. The opening chapter is dedicated to general research into biomass. This chapter is made for familiarisation with biomass and types of its thermal treatment. The following chapters are dedicated to the torrefaction process. Specifically, a description of this technology and its influence on biomass. The last chapter documents how the individual parameters affect the torrefaction process.
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Utilization of waste from processing of industrial hemp for production of carbonaceous adsorbents.
Šrámek, V. ; Staf, M. ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Beňo, Z.
Utilization of waste biomass for production of carbonaceous adsorbents would be a suitable substitution of comercially available activated carbon. This work focuses on a two step preparation in two separate apparatus of own construction operated at UCT Prague. The first step involves pyrolysis of the hemp hurd at temperature range 450–850 °C and the second step is based on activation of the pyrolysis residue via steam at temperatures 740 and 800 °C. The prepared activated material was examined for key sorption parameters: specific surface are by BET equation, total specific pore volume and pore size distribution. The results were compared to comercially available activated carbon produced also via the steam activation.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22020012013491 - PDF
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