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Specifics of prenatal care for women from certain minorities in the gynecological clinic.
NOVÁKOVÁ, Markéta
Due to the fact that from the 1990s there has been a noticeable increase in the number of foreigners residing in the Czech Republic, it is necessary to respect their cultural specifics in health care. Many foreigners in our country have a long-term or permanent residence and have families here. Increasing emphasis is given to care for pregnant women. In the pregnancy period, the woman experiences significant physical and mental changes. The main aspect of caring for a pregnant woman is the continuous monitoring of the health and proper development of the foetus. For midwives to be able to provide quality care for patients from different cultures, they must be culturally competent and empathetic enough to handle the specifics of working with these pregnant women. Many complications in nursing care are caused by a communication barrier that arises between the medical staff and the patients, even if they are of the same nationality and speak the same native language. The risk of communication problems increases in the case of women from minorities. The objectives of this thesis are: Objective 1: Determine how women from selected minorities view the prenatal care in the country. Objective 2: Map the knowledge that midwives have of the specifics of care in individual cultures. The following research questions were determined: 1) How do women from selected minorities perceive the prenatal care in the Czech Republic? 2) To what extent is the culture of the client respected during care? The practical part was elaborated based on qualitative research. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Respondents were asked the same questions, but these were elaborated on during the interviews, which led to the subsequent categorization of interviews. A total of 20 basic questions were compiled. The research sample consisted of six pregnant women and four midwives. The criterion for selection of the pregnant women was Vietnamese or Ukrainian nationality. The criterion for choosing midwives was that they had to be employed at gynaecological and obstetric clinics. From interviews with midwives clear that they strive to respect the wishes of all patients, both those related to their culture and environment from which they came, as well as those related to their character and personality. However, the research also shows that there are also slight doubts that could lead to misunderstandings, and these are solely due to lack of information. Therefore, the output of this work should be the organization of a seminar or a contribution within a conference, which would provide healthcare professionals with basic information and experience in the care of patients from selected minorities in Czech health care facilities. The topic of this seminar could be: "The specifics of caring for selected minorities in Czech health care." The first part of the research sample consisted of pregnant women who have different experiences with care in their home country. In their testimonies they mention minor shortcomings, but are satisfied with the care provided in the Czech Republic and some of them expressed that they are certain that this level of care could not be provided to them in their home country.
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Risks and consequences of problem drug use in pregnant women
PŘÁDNÁ, Jana
The bachelor´s work describes the risks and impact of problem drug usage among pregnant women. It mainly views the topic from the health and social points. It characterizes drug addiction, drug addicts and their troubling pregnancy. It describes the possible impact of the drug usage on the woman and her fetus. The risks and impacts are divided by particular groups of addictive substances. The work further mentions the newborns´abstinence syndrome which those babies often suffer from after the birth. The bachelor´s work proceeds from an available specialized literature and my own vocational experience from the field social work with drug users.
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Women´s interest in care provided by a community midwife during pregnancy, childbirth and the confinement period
CHRSTOŠOVÁ, Alena
The period of pregnancy, childbirth and confinement is a big milestone in a woman's life. Since ancient times up until recently it had been a midwife who took care of a woman in childbed in that period. The midwife was not just a provider of professional care, but also a mentor. Till the nineties of the last century this kind of care was provided also in our country, but, unfortunately, in connection with changes in the health care system the visiting midwife service has almost disappeared. If we want to improve the care for women during this period, it is necessary to offer this service to women again. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether women take interest in physiological pregnancy care by a community care midwife, whether they would make use of her services during childbirth in hospital and whether women miss services of a community care midwife during the confinement period. Hypotheses assumed that pregnant women prefer a doctor's care, are interested in services provided by a community care midwife during childbirth and they miss care in the confinement period. In the thesis the quantitative research method using the questionnaire data collection technique was applied. The questionnaire was anonymous and was composed of 25 questions. The survey was carried out from the end of February till the beginning of April 2011 in consultant gynecologists´ surgeries in Vimperk. The total number of distributed questionnaires was 120, 112 questionnaires were returned, 7 questionnaires were excluded. Therefore, the total number of respondents was 105 (100%). The stated objectives of the thesis were met. The hypothesis assuming that pregnant women prefer a doctor's care was not confirmed. The other two hypotheses were confirmed. At present, there is no community care midwife providing the visiting service in Vimperk and its surroundings. Therefore, the results of this investigation could be a good argument for community care midwives who want to make a contract with health care insurance companies. The outcomes may also influence decisions of midwives who consider the visiting services provision, but are afraid of disinterest on the women´s part.
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Father´s present at birth- Is it a trend or free choice from the man´s point of view
REJCHRTOVÁ, Alena
This thesis is theoretical - empirical and is focused on personal enjoyments of fathers participating on the childbirth. The theoretical part is introduced by the history of men's participation in the childbirth. Conception and a new life development, prenatal care and communication between the father and the future mother are described. Subsequent chapters deal with the future father´s participation in prenatal preparation and legal aspects and consequences of the father´s participation in the childbirth in general. The following section describes how the father participates in the course of labor at different stages of the childbirth, in the care of the newborn and in the operative delivery. The final section of the theoretical part includes a chapter on different views on participation of father in the childbirth, what this act is followed by and what fatherhood brings about. The theoretical part is concluded with the chapter Fathers´ psychosomatic problems related to pregnancy and childbirth. The
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Communication with a prenatal individual and with child on first days after labour
PETROUŠOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor work has been realised as a research work and consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the description of antenatal period, the interaction between mother and child and psychologic antenatal findings where antenatal communication with an unborn child plays an important role. A cardinal part of the work depicts the role and psychosocial attitude of the midwives who take care of mother and unborn child. In addition, the importance of the first mother-child contact soon after delivery is highlighted. The practical part represents the research work. Two questionnaires were used to prove the initial hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: ``Close family members communicate with their unborn child during the pregnancy`` and hypothesis 2: ``Mother-child communication is enabled to start soon after the delivery`` have proved. Altogether 250 questionnaires were distributed, 140 of them to pregnant women and 110 to women after delivery. 229 questionnaires, 92 %, were completed and given back. However, the final set of correctly completed questionnaires, which could be surveyed, consisted of 126 (100 %) given back by pregnant women and 103 (100 %) by women after delivery.
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Psychologic and Medical Aspects of Prental Period Care
BERKIOVÁ, Eva
The work is focused on pregnancy period which is a unique life event for a woman. Pregnancy puts on her more demands which she has to meet. Living through troublefree period of pregnancy is closely linked to healthy nutrition, high quality prenatal care, passing courses for pregnant women and of course to understanding and support from close people.
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Nursing care about women with multiple pregnancy
LINHARTOVÁ, Petra
ABSTRAKT Nowadays the occurrence of multiple pregnancy is connected with methods of artificial insemination that bring along many other complications. A multiple pregnancy requires greater attention, care of the obstetrician and the midwife. Because the attendance care for these woment keeps developing at the same time with new findings, it is necessary to provide a quality care, of which is mostly in charge an experienced midwife. Multiple pregnancy is a state when there is more than one fetus developed in the womb. Mostly we are speaking of twins (gemini), triplets (trigemini) and quadruplets (quadrigemini). A multiple pregnancy is a greater burden to the organism of the woman during the whole period of pregnancy. Speaking of multiple pregnancy we should count with occurrence of various complications, e.g. premature labour, placental insufficiency, or occurrence of toxaemia of pregnancy. Therefore an early and regular prenatal care is so important for women with multiple pregnancy. To find out whether the nursing care for woman with a multiple preganancy is carried out according to given nursing standards, we chose a quantitative survey and used the questionnaire form. There were 27 open questions, semi open and closed questions. Midwives could cross or fill in their answers. The questionnaires were distributed in Hospital České Budějovice a.s., Hospital Nymburk s.r.o. and in Hospital Český Krumlov s.r.o. and they showed that the nursing care, e.g. blood pressure measurement, pulse measurement, weighing pregnant women, fetal auscultation is fulfilled from 100%. It was further found out that the nursing standards are carried out from 83% and that the ultrasound examination of fetuses is carried out in 100% according to the recommendations of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society. 43% of midwives do not consider the care for women with multiple pregnancy more complicated than other hazardous pregnancies and 57% of midwives claim that the care for women with multiple pregnancy is not more complicated at all. The survey has shown that the nursing care for women with multiple pregnancy corresponds to nursing standards, which confirms the working hypothesis at the same time the goal of the paper concentrated on carrying out of nursing care according to nursing standards was fulfilled.
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