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Study of chemical reactions products in the prebiotic atmospheres
Manduchová, Ivana ; Slavíček,, Pavel (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the study of chemical reaction products in prebiotic atmospheres. The theoretical part deals with the main theories of composing the atmosphere of the early Earth, hypotheses of the origin of life and genetic code in the form of RNA, the atmosphere of the moon Titan and the basic characteristics of the gliding arc discharge, and the analytical techniques used in the diploma thesis. In the experimental part, study of products was carried out by experimental atmospheric simulations in a special stainless steel reactor in various mixtures of gases N2, CH4, CO2 and O2. The electrical discharge for atmospheric simulation was generated by an electrode configuration for the gliding arc discharge and glow discharge. Detection and identification of chemical reaction products was performed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), Testo 350 M/XL and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). A theoretical kinetic model was created to predict and confirm the detected products. During the experiments, the dependence of the product intensity on changes in the composition of the gaseous mixture and the applied value of the electric current was also observed.
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Study of DC discharge products in CO2 + N2 mixture
Kostyleva, Kseniia ; Töröková, Lucie (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the study of products of DC glow discharge in nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide gas mixtures. Different diagnostic techniques were used for measure their concentrations (PTR-MS-TOF mass spectrometer and a TESTO 350 M/XL instrument). The theoretical part describes principle of mass spectrometry, types of analysers and ionizers. There are also described various types of electrical discharges, including the Glid-Arc discharge, which was used during the measurement. In addition, one of the theories of the origins of life is described. There is also description of Titan's atmosphere, which was chosen due to the similarity of its atmosphere with the atmosphere of the early Earth. In the experimental part the discharge products and their concentration under different experimental conditions are shown.
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Influence of carbon monoxide on electrical discharge initiated processes in prebiotic atmospheres
Veselá, Jana ; Országh,, Juraj (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
This work focuses on discharge-initiated processes in prebiotic atmospheres based on carbon monoxide. The aim of this work was to determine how the composition of different reaction mixtures consisting of carbon monoxide with gaseous additives influences type and amount of plasma-generated products. The compositions of gaseous products formed by a chemical reaction were investigated using mass spectrometry (proton transfer reaction ionisation with time-of-flight detector). The compositions of reactive particles presented in plasma were determined by using optical emission spectroscopy. The presence of many hydrocarbons, nitriles, amines, aldehydes and alcohols was confirmed by means of mass spectrometry in mixture containing 200 sccm carbon monoxide, 4 sccm hydrogen and 4 sccm nitrogen. Optical emission spectroscopy has shown that the main reactive particles in plasma were atomic hydrogen, carbon and oxygen, C2 molecule and CN radical. The presented properties can for example be used for enrichment of existing knowledge about prebiotic Earth atmosphere, chemical processes in interstellar mass and atmospheres of exoplanets. That´s because carbon monoxide is one of the most common molecules present in universe.
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Study of DC discharge products in CO2 + N2 mixture
Kostyleva, Kseniia ; Töröková, Lucie (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the study of products of DC glow discharge in nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide gas mixtures. Different diagnostic techniques were used for measure their concentrations (PTR-MS-TOF mass spectrometer and a TESTO 350 M/XL instrument). The theoretical part describes principle of mass spectrometry, types of analysers and ionizers. There are also described various types of electrical discharges, including the Glid-Arc discharge, which was used during the measurement. In addition, one of the theories of the origins of life is described. There is also description of Titan's atmosphere, which was chosen due to the similarity of its atmosphere with the atmosphere of the early Earth. In the experimental part the discharge products and their concentration under different experimental conditions are shown.
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Study of chemical reactions products in the prebiotic atmospheres
Manduchová, Ivana ; Slavíček,, Pavel (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the study of chemical reaction products in prebiotic atmospheres. The theoretical part deals with the main theories of composing the atmosphere of the early Earth, hypotheses of the origin of life and genetic code in the form of RNA, the atmosphere of the moon Titan and the basic characteristics of the gliding arc discharge, and the analytical techniques used in the diploma thesis. In the experimental part, study of products was carried out by experimental atmospheric simulations in a special stainless steel reactor in various mixtures of gases N2, CH4, CO2 and O2. The electrical discharge for atmospheric simulation was generated by an electrode configuration for the gliding arc discharge and glow discharge. Detection and identification of chemical reaction products was performed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), Testo 350 M/XL and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). A theoretical kinetic model was created to predict and confirm the detected products. During the experiments, the dependence of the product intensity on changes in the composition of the gaseous mixture and the applied value of the electric current was also observed.
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