|
|
Infekční a neinfekční příčiny průjmů telat v období mléčné výživy
MAŇÁKOVÁ, Lucie
Diarrheal diseases are one of the most common diseases of calves. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate the incidence and causes of (infectious and non-infectious) diarrheal diseases in calves during the dairy feeding period in selected breeding of dairy cattle. From January to December 2022, a total of 276 cases of di-arrhea were evaluated, of which 38% were infectious. Cryptosporidium parvum was determined to be the most common cause of infectious diarrhea using a rapid stable test. Bacterial causes of diarrhea were not diagnosed. The cause of non-infectious diarrheal diseases was deficiencies in colostral nutrition of calves, e.g., late feeding of calves after birth. Management of colostral nutrition in the farm will require cor-rective measures.
|
|
|
Influence of probiotic feed supplements on the growth and health calves
ŠEBKOVÁ, Anna
Thesis contains informations about right stabling and nutrition of calfs. It´s include importance of probiotic supplements and their influence to growth and health of cows. Newborns weight in seven days after birth was similar (54 kg) in every of three groups. Significant diferences were registered at the end of these monitoring, in ninety days after birth. First Group witch consumed RumiForm Digest had average wight 126 kg. Groups witch consumed RumiForm Digest with bacteria mixture, had average weight 146 kg. In every monitored groups diarrheal was detected. The biggest frequency was detected at group, witch consumed RumiForm Digest with bacteria mixture. There was detected 9% diarrheal diseases in total 48 calfs. Deads were detected only in the group of calfs whitche eat RumiForm Digest with probiotics during the experiment. Total mortality was less thas 2%. There wasn´t shown influence of probiotics to calfs growth (p-value (calves weight on the 7th day after birth) = 0,63; p-value (calves weight on the 90th day after birth) = 0,31, p-value greater than 0,5), either to calfs health (p-value (comparison of diarrhea rates) = 0,67; p-value (death) = 0,82, p-value greater than 0,5). Can not be said, that the eating of probiotics supplements had pozitive influence to calfs grow and health.
|
|
|
Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp.
Adamcová, Anežka ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Anežka Adamcová Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Laboratory technician This bachelor thesis deals with diarrheal disease caused by Campylobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. The thesis is divided to four sections. The first section is about diarrhoea and its characteristics and causes. In the second section the characteristics of Campylobacter sp. is described and the major part of this section describes campylobacter enteritis or campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni is the most common agent. The third section deals with Salmonella sp. It again describes characteristics of this genus and focuses on salmonellosis enteritis or salmonellosis. Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common agent. Both genera are gram-negative bacteria and they affect intestinal tract. They cause bacterial enteritis, which is often connected with diarrhoea. Incidence of campylobacteriosis exceeded the incidence of salmonellosis for the first time in 2007. Infections have similar course. Besides diarrhoea, fever and stomach ache can also occur. Pain is similar as in case of appendicitis. Laboratory test is needed to differentiate between the two. In the last section I analyzed data obtained from the Centre for...
|
|
|
Vliv probiotik na průběh střevních zánětů
Hönigová, Kateřina
Probiotic therapy presents potential prevention of many diseases, moderation their symptoms or in some cases it could eventually replace standard medication. This thesis sums up actual findings about effect of probiotics on intestinal diseases. First part is about genus of probiotic bacteria and their characteristic. Next part is about anatomic and histologic structure of the digestive system for better understanding of probiotic effect mechanism. The most extensive part of the thesis is about individual diseases and their analysis. Focus was taken on idiopatic intestinal diseases and potential use of probiotic therapy. This part includes actual findings about effect of probiotics on these diseases. In the end there are possible risks and cons of probiotic usage. This thesis could be used as summary of all actual findings focused on use of probiotics in intestinal disease treatment.
|
|
|
The Problems of cultivated examination of stool - bacteriology
KAVALEC, Lukáš
Diarrheal diseases are a global problem. In developing countries, where there is a low hygienic standard and limited availability of medical care, a large proportion of mortality is caused by diarrhea, in developed countries deaths are less frequent. In our conditions the most common infections are salmonellosis caused by the bacteria of genus Salmonella, campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter bacteria, and Enterotoxicoses, which are food poisonings. Gastroenteritis can also be caused by viruses such as moderate adenoviruses, kaliciviruses and astroviruses. Parasitic gastroenteritis is a problem solely for developing countries in tropical areas. In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis I elaborate the general characteristics of diarrhea and the description and possibilities of diagnostics of the most frequent agents of bacterial gastroenteritis. The practical part was processed in the laboratory of the microbiology Synlab in České Budějovice, where I carried out an identification of bacterial agents of infectious diarrhea from rectal swabs by cultivation on suitable media, accurate determination was performed by biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF and agglutination tests for accurate serotyping of strains. From the obtained data and data from the laboratory I elaborated a statistic comparing the laboratory results with the results in the whole Czech Republic. The aim of my thesis was to acquaint myself with the problematics of infectious gastroenteritis, to elaborate a specialized research on the topic, to describe and acquire methods of direct detection of bacteria routinely used in microbiological diagnosis of diarrhea - especially cultivation and statistically compare laboratory results with the whole Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp.
Adamcová, Anežka ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Anežka Adamcová Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Laboratory technician This bachelor thesis deals with diarrheal disease caused by Campylobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. The thesis is divided to four sections. The first section is about diarrhoea and its characteristics and causes. In the second section the characteristics of Campylobacter sp. is described and the major part of this section describes campylobacter enteritis or campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni is the most common agent. The third section deals with Salmonella sp. It again describes characteristics of this genus and focuses on salmonellosis enteritis or salmonellosis. Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common agent. Both genera are gram-negative bacteria and they affect intestinal tract. They cause bacterial enteritis, which is often connected with diarrhoea. Incidence of campylobacteriosis exceeded the incidence of salmonellosis for the first time in 2007. Infections have similar course. Besides diarrhoea, fever and stomach ache can also occur. Pain is similar as in case of appendicitis. Laboratory test is needed to differentiate between the two. In the last section I analyzed data obtained from the Centre for...
|
|
|
Základní aspekty výživy a zdraví telat
MOTEJLEK, Miroslav
The diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of calves, especially about the importance of the colostrum period, which is important for the development of their immunity and then dairy period until weaning. Furthermore, the thesis deals with diarrheal diseases of calves. Calves were divided into three groups: one control group and two experimental groups. Experimental groups received dietary supplements. The first group received Lactovita and the second group of Homeopathic. The supplements were administered once a day for a second feeding for 28 days. Calves were weighed within two hours of birth and 60 days of weaning. Diarrhea has been reported in calves. The data was recorded in the table and then statistically evaluated. The data showed a moderate improvement in mean weight gain over 60 days for the Lactovita group compared to the control group by 0.24 kg and a decrease in the increase in the Homeopathic Test Group versus the control group by 1.69 kg. Furthermore, the results showed a slight improvement in the incidence of diarrhea in the Lactovita group compared to the control group by 7.68%. However, the results of the observations were not statistically proven. Thus, there is a lack of efficacy of feed additives administered or a low number of experimental animals on the incidence of diarrheal diseases and the weight gains in calves from the colostrum to weaning.
|
|
|
Nursing care for sucklings and toddlers with diarrheal disease
KYLIANOVÁ, Alena
Abstract Diarrhoeal diseases in infants and toddlers represent a frequent and serious problem. A more severe course of a diarrhoeal disease and its complications lead to hospitalization of a child patient. Clinical manifestations of diarrhoeal diseases are particularly thin, watery and frequent stools. Other usual accompanying symptoms are vomiting and increased or high body temperature. In such little patients dehydration may occur within a short period of time. Severe dehydration can lead to death. Appropriate and quality nursing care is very important. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to answer the research question: What is the level of knowledge of nursing care standards in nurses dealing with infants and toddlers with diarrhoeal diseases in hospitals? The theoretical section of the bachelor thesis deals with causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diarrhoeal disease in infants and toddlers. The most common nursing issues are also mentioned. In the study the nursing care provided through the nursing process is surveyed. The patients´ needs and their proper education are discussed. In conclusion of the study the issue of a nursing standard is analyzed. The survey was carried out using anonymous questionnaires. The respondents of the research study were nurses working on three pediatric departments and one infectious department. The obtained results are summarized in graphs and tables. The results analysis has shown that nurses involved in the survey provide a high quality and good nursing care regardless of their education and the length of experience. Furthermore, the results showed: the respondents working at a department where a nursing care standard was developed know and apply the standard and only propose to supplement this standard by the issue of oral rehydration. According to the responding nurses, the standard was not lacked in departments where it had not been developed. Based on the obtained results, nursing procedures and standards of nursing care in oral rehydration in infants and toddlers with diarrhoeal disease were worked out.
|
|
| |
guest ::
