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The issue of children´s beds at kindergartens
MARUŠOVÁ, Pavla
In my thesis I deal with a possible relation between the cots in nurseries and the increasing number of children with a poor posture. The aim is to map the condition of these cots and to determine the extent to which they sag if loaded. For my research I chose České Budějovice region, particularly two nurseries in České Budějovice and one nursery in Blatná.The theoretical part describes the development and function of the musculoskeletal system in the period from birth to 6 years of age and also depicts the growth of a preschool child's body. One of the chapters is devoted to the physical activity, which is an important instrument in the prevention of the improper organism development. Also, I describe the anatomical changes caused by the poor posture. An important part of the preschool child's daily program is the afternoon rest when children have to stay in beds. In my work I focus on the case of plastic beds where the standards are still very benevolent, although it is problematic. .The practical part consists of an objective measurement of the beds as well as data acquisition and its analysis with using of questionnaires. The research included 70 beds at three nurseries that have many years of experience with the plastic beds. Data were subsequently statistically evaluated.In my measurements, I was looking at the distance between the floor and the grate of the bed and how it changes without and with the load (the degree of sag). I registered the presence or absence of the mattress as well as the age of the bed, its manufacturer, storage of the beds and how they are handled in general. The collected data were used to confirm the original hypothesis: "The cots at the nurseries do not provide firm back support for children." To evaluate this hypothesis, the T test was used to calculate the statistical significance of sagging of the beds. The beds fitted into the range that has been designated by the recommended requirements for a solid back support. The null hypothesis is therefore not valid. The second hypothesis was evaluated using quantitative method of questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by 154 respondents. This group was made up of parents of children from the three nurseries. The results showed that 98% of children of the questioned parents spend the afternoon rest time at the nursery in the bed. Statistical evaluation of the second hypothesis of the chi -square test confirmed: "More than two-thirds of the preschool children have no subjective symptoms related to the back pain." Even though statistically I cannot establish a link between the poor posture of children and the quality of the cots at nurseries, I came out with the finding that at two of the three nurseries they do not use mattresses, which leads to the greater degree of sag and also the sufficient thermal isolation is not provided. In the research, the children already diagnosed with the poor posture did occur; therefore it is necessary to look for other causes of their orthopedic problems. It should be mentioned that the pediatricians may improve the condition of children by the proper examination of the musculoskeletal system and not underestimating of the rehabilitative care. The system also includes professionals in the sphere of the protection of public health, who play the important role not only as the controllers, but mainly as the advisors.
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The influence of flat feet onto the posture of children at school age
ŤUPOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis is describing problems of the impact of flat feet on school age children´s posture. The foot is the organ that allows contact with the terrain. In case it´s functional component is changed pathologically to some extent, it fails to work properly and can change the whole posture of particular individual in pathological way. Flat feet is a condition of foot when the arch of the foot flattened partly or completely. Arch of the foot enables us flexible treading contact and is defined with three support points: calcaneus and the heads of the first and the fifth metatarsals. They develop and change during one´s lifetime. The appearance of flat feet during the first two years of life is considered as a physiological condition. The appearance of the flat feet later in childhood is viewed as a deformity and needs more examinations and some therapy. Some studies showed that early treatment of flat feet can prevent later unwanted manifestations, and that is why flat feet in children should not be underestimated. Flat feet in children is the most often cause for the visit at a doctor. Children´s flat feet is the topic that needs to be very often consulted at any level of the health care. It is not completely clear, when the foot is still considered as physiologically flat without any pathological cause and when it is considered as pathological flat feet. The purpose of the thesis was to describe links between flat feet and posture. The foot is the key area for motor system and that is why its disorder or malfunction can become the cause and also the consequence of chain functional disorders. That is the reason why the foot area should not be disregarded. Another goal was to suggest exercise units and search out appropriate exercises concerning described problems. Exercise unit was designed individually for each participant according to one´s needs. The first exercise unit has been modified gradually according to participants´ skills to master the exercise. The modification was however essential to keep children´s attention up during the therapy. The thesis consists of the theoretical and practical sections. The practical section contains information about the foot from anatomical, neurological, and kinesiological view and its pathology that is affecting posture. The therapy lasted 10 weeks, children have been exercising from ten to fifteen minutes a day with supervision of parents who were instructed about the exercise, and twice a week individually, under my supervision, and also in parents´ present. The investigation was carried out using interview with parents and children, and also using kinesiological analysis. There was carried out entry and exit assessments in children´s group. They were used to determine proper therapy at the start and also for the conclusion from results at the end. For each participant was designed proper therapy according to one´s needs. The goal of physiotherapy was determined as well as recommended certain type of exercise and proper exercise activity for all children in long time horizon. Our findings showed that proper therapy in children with flat feet can positively influence whole posture. When the entry and exit examinations were compared, we found that there was found greater range of ankle joint motion, positive change in flat feet condition, better body control, the change of breathing mechanics, and also participants´ personal view of better self body control. I have chosen the topic to bring closer problems of flat feet affecting body control in children. The foot area is an integral part of our body. When the arches of foot flatten, position of whole lower limb in joints and complete body posture is negatively affected.
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Investigation postural function of children older school age at primary school in České Budědovice and Jindřichův Hradec
MARKESOVÁ, Radka
The diploma thesis deals with the examination of postural functions in pupils (11-15 years old) at chosen primary schools. There were two primary schools (Baarova in České Budějovice and 2nd primary school in Jindřichův Hradec) involved in the research. Standardized test were used for finding out the quality of the body to appraise the figure according to Jaroš and Lomíček and evaluating of body holding according to Matthias, functional tests of muscles that tend to be shortened and weaken. We expected the incidence of bad body holding and muscle unbalance in 30 % of the tested people within the intentionally chosen group. The research group achieved better results in the period given.
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Contribution to Usage Postural System at Stripping Logopaedia Defects
ŠAFÁŘOVÁ, Michaela
This work focuses on the use of a postural system in logopedy (speech therapy). Based on theoretical knowledge of anatomy, kinesiology and logopedy, it explains the influence of a posture on respiration, phonation and articulation. The work mainly concerns the head region and phonatory system in connection with posture and respiration. The possibility is also suggested of incorporating the postural system into logopedic excercises in from of correct sitting position based on the so-called ?cogged wheel model?. The subject of this study was a group of five preschool children with cerebral palsy diagnosis under the care of a voluntary association Arpida in České Budějovice.
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Influence of sedentary work on human posture from the perspective of physiotherapist
RAZIMOVÁ, Kateřina
The subject of my Bachelor?s thesis is the influence of sedentary job on human posture from the view of a physiotherapist. Theoretical part of the thesis includes generally the description of posture, problems with motor system caused by longtime sitting, ergonomics and suitable ergonomic chair. Great attention is devoted to a technique of correct sitting and other variations of sitting. In the end of the theoretical part I tried to make a description of compensatory exercise, techniques or methods suitable for therapy of problems caused as a result of sedentary job. The aim of the practical part was to find out the informedness of patients, whether they know what risks a sedentary job bears and their interest in prevention. The ultimate goal was to create a set of recommended compensatory exercises. Especially helpful to me in accomplishing the above stated goals were the following methods and techniques of qualitative research ? unstructured interviews, participated observation, kinesiological analysis and questionnaire. Examined group was made from three patients working in sedentary jobs, who have developed typical problems caused by longtime sitting. First of all, I asked the patients questions in the from of questionnaire in order to determine previously set goals. During the therapy, first of all an anamnesis was taken, followed by visual examination, palpation, examination of gait, examination by plumb line, goniometry of root joints, cervical spine and wrists. Then it was followed by examination of spine mobility, diaphragmal test, therapy itself and suitably chosen compensatory exercise. A short-term and long-tern rehabilitation plan was set for all patients. According to personal discretion, I recommended them suitable ergonomic lay-out of workplace; I mainly focused on motivation for a correct posture and carrying out compensatory exercise.
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The influence of kinetic activity on correct body posture
MÍKOVÁ, Jiřina
Purpose of my graduation thesis is to find out the influence of a targeted physical activity upon formation of a correct posture habit by pupils of sekunda and tercie at a multiannual high school Česko-anglické gymnázium in České Budějovice. There were 34 probands participating in the research and devided into two groups, experimental and checking, where as both groups counted 17 probands. Both groups were put under an entering test that analysed posture according to Jaroš and Lomíček, shuttle run 4 x 10 metres, which specially tests fitness, and tests for shortened and weakened muscles. Classes of health PE with the experimental group took place under my leading in the following six weeks. The checking group continued with ordinary PE according to the school curriculum under leading of it{\crq}s school teacher. After aforesaid six weeks took place a check out measurement idetical with the entering test. In the entering test 88% of pupils in experimental group had correct posture and 12% had poor posture while 94% pupils of the checking group had correct posture and 6% had poor posture. After six weeks of exercising with the experimental group had 94% of pupils in the check out test correct posture and 6% had excellent posture. 88% of the checking group had in the check out test correct posture and 12% had poor posture. The outcomes displayed that it is possible to improve a posture habit under an influence of a targeted physical activity.
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Effect of pelvic floor muscles in the deep stabilization system
KOTALÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis deals with back pain issues from the viewpoint of function. Backbone is an articulated axial organ and its stability, in addition to passive structures, is secured with long multi-articular muscles but their stabilization function is not sufficient. The stability is further improved with other muscular groups called a deep stabilization system (DSS). DSS in the trunk is made up on the dorsal side with short musculi multifidi, cranially with the diaphragm, ventrally with musculus transversus abdominis and caudally with the pelvic floor. The objective of the theoretical part has been to map the existing methods which affect the deep stabilization system with involvement of pelvic floor. The theoretical part contains an anatomic description of individual components of DSS, available methods of examination and particularly methodical procedures focusing on affecting of the system, mainly by involvement of pelvic floor. The objective of the practical part was to find out whether the pelvic floor has any influence on activation of the deep stabilization system and also what is the effect of gender on the involvement of pelvic floor in the course of performed physiotherapeutic procedures. The thesis has used the method of qualitative research. The research was conducted on 4 probands from my environs, who suffered from occasional pain in the backbone area and who were in the entry examination diagnosed with a disorder of frontal stability of the backbone. The monitoring lasted for ca. 2 months. The deep stabilization system was involved in all the probands. The first impulse for it, however, was the activation of pelvic floor. The therapy was concluded with a final examination which has shown that it was important to involve pelvic floor in order to activate the deep stabilization system (DSS). This has also contributed to the fulfillment of the objective in the research part. The results have been processed in the form of case studies. The bachelor thesis can be used in clinical practice of physiotherapists and some parts of it can be used as an educational material for patients.
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Finding and verifying postural defects at chosen schools in Havlíčkův Brod
KLATOVSKÁ, Gabriela
Considering that I used to study at a Secondary Medical school, this area concerning parts of the human body is not really unfamiliar, that is why I chose it. Backbone (spinal) defects are as old as humanity in itself. Seperated into defects from birth and those aquired later on in life.Originally it was more often a birth defect. Individuals with bigger handicaps were excluded from society and succumbed to a miserable existence in the end. With the development of science and National Health services there are fewer people with crooked bones; a consequence of a vitamin D defiency. These defects not only concern humans, but animals too. They discoverd human diseases (where backbone defects belong) also went along with animals. Breeding of animals, to increase (for example dogs and cats) better qualities, usually turns in to degenerative changes of backbone and hips. What is missing is called "healthy blood". Now there are more acquired defects which are a result non healthy living (bad eating, eating too much) and not enough exercise. With developing computer technology, sitting for a long time causes back problems. Because adults work too hard and are very busy,they do not have time for physical activities, which help the body relax and support the back, In my work I am devising tests that strengthen the body and help you can recognize different kinds of defects; resulting in rehabilitation through exercise. This helps handicaped people deal with the problem and in some cases elimates the problem completely.
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Yoga and its significance in physiotherapy
SUDICKÝ, Milan
The bachelor{\crq}s thesis deals with the position and possibilities of wide-ranging use of yoga in modern physiotherapy. Yoga is an integral discipline looking upon humans as a whole. It does not divide them into separate parts, such as body, mind, psyche. In the past few decades yoga established itself in medical sciences and as an effective means of preventing civilization diseases, in rehabilitation and also as an auxiliary method of treating before all psychosomatic disorders. This way yoga has become an integral part of modern medicine. Yoga moves are very relaxed, slow, intentional, actively controlled and coordinated with breathing. As such these moves can be called reeducational, thus rectifying wrong movement patterns. By means of yoga one-sided overstrain of the locomotor apparatus can be set right very well, consequently establishing its well-proportioned load. Moreover, other existing treatment procedures can be supported effectively by establishing psychosomatic balance. The theoretical part of the thesis presents physiological principles of how yoga techniques work and describes the present-day position of yoga in physiotherapy. The thesis aims at showing the possibilities of wide-ranging application of yoga in physiotherapy, mainly for the benefit of influencing posture, breathing pattern, spine and joint mobility and improving the psychic condition of the patients. Qualitative research approach was applied using the following techniques: an interview, an examination by sight, body and posture assessment, the spine mobility examination, the examination of the passive movement range of the hip joint, the STAI questionnaire, and secondary analysis of the data. The study sample comprised three probands who took part in a six-month public yoga course during the research. Conducted examinations result in the fact that yoga exercises lead to regulation of the breathing pattern, to posture improvement and to balancing the psyche of the gymnasts. The thesis points out the fact that applying yoga techniques in physioteraphy to a larger extent can bring new possibilities of treating wrong body posture, solving vertebrogenic troubles and regulating breathing movements. The bachelor{\crq}s thesis can further on be used in clinical work of physiotherapists, but also for the needs of common yoga gymnasts.
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