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Vliv způsobu hospodaření na stabilitu struktury půdy
Káňa, Dominik
The results of selected variants of long-term small-plot field trials with spring barley and winter wheat in Žabčice (maize production area) and Ivanovice na Hané (sugar beet production area) in 2018-2021 are evaluated in terms of soil aggregate stability (SAS), grain yield, cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency using analysis of variance. In a spring barley monoculture grown since 1970 in Žabčice, straw harvested and ploughing in combination with increasing rates of ammonium sulphate nitrogen were evaluated. Variants with ploughed straw achieved on average by 0.51 t/ha higher yield compared to variants with harvested straw. As the nitrogen rate increased, SAS values increased in leaps for harvested straw and gradually for ploughed straw. For both straw treatments, the most economically efficient variants were those with a N rate of 60 kg/ha for malting and 30 kg/ha for feed quality grain. In Žabčice and Ivanovice na Hané, direct sowing, soil loosening and ploughing were evaluated for the establishment of winter wheat after alfalfa, and spring barley after sugar beet. These tillage methods were manifested to different degrees at the two sites. In Žabčice, comparable or high grain yields were achieved for both crops by direct drilling. In Ivanovice na Hané, grain yields were comparable for all variants, except for the significantly higher yield of direct sowing of spring barley after sugar beet. Higher SAS values were found for all evaluated variants in Žabčice. When winter wheat was grown after alfalfa, the differences between tillage variants were small. When growing spring barley after sugar beet, SAS values increased gradually with tillage intensity at both locations. Direct drilling of both crops and at both locations was estimated to be the most economically efficient. From the results obtained, a direct relationship between the stability of soil aggregates and grain yield could not be inferred. Although SAS is considered to be an important indicator of soil quality and fertility, it should always be evaluated in relation to other soil properties and management practices. The effects of processes affected by cultivation measures on SAS should therefore be assessed in a comprehensive manner, taking into account all available information.
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