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Chest injuries in prehospital emergency care
SOUČEK, Jan
Chest injuries are one of the very common injuries that often endanger the patient's life. Therefore, it is important to quickly determine the severity of the injury, to define further procedures, such as medication, and to ensure the most careful and fastest transport to the hospital. It is therefore important that health rescuers have the best knowledge, practical skills and awareness of possible complications, which can significantly influence the course of the injury and the state of health of the patient. Aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to map knowledge of paramedics about chest injuries in Pre-hospital Emergency Medicine (PHME) and compare rescuer´s procedures in care of patients with chest injury. Research questions are following: How different is the knowledge of medical procedures for chest injuries? What is the difference in medical procedures in chest injuries? Empirical part of the thesis is based on the qualitative survey. Semi-structured interviews with opened questions were arranged with paramedics of region Vysočina and South Bohemia. Based on the results of this work, it can be said that health rescuers have good knowledge in their field. Moderate shortcomings include uncertainty in competencies, and slight deficiencies in theoretical knowledge and awareness of the possibilities of using aids in the Ambulance car. These deficiencies may be a reflection of unified equipment, the different competencies of rescuers, and the possibilities and responsibilities to further educate and improve on the topic.
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Management of patient with critical thorax injury in prehospital care.
HARUDA, Stanislav
This bachelor thesis is mainly focused on critikal thorax injury in prehospital care. This thesis had two goals. First was theoreticly described critical thorax injury and the second goal was compare five cases from praxis with the theoretical part of this work. On the beginig of this work was discribed anatomy of thorax and phyziology of respiratory system. Next is discribed an introduction to critacal thorax injury, how they usually arise and how to provide a better prognosis for the patient. In the next chapter we are dealing with primary and secondary survay as well as the basic device examination of the patient. The following chapter is the critical chest injury itself, which is presented according to scholarly sources as life-threatening chest injury. This chapter describe symptoms, their pathophysiology and the appropriate therapy. This chapter includes these serious injuries: tension pneumothorax, massive hemotorax, open pneumothorax, flail chest with pulmonary contusion and cardiac tamponade. In other chapter are mentioned life saving skills including: needle thoracentesis, chest tube insertion and pericardiocentesis. There is also brief talk about analgesia, and the last chapter of the theoretical section is about immediate transport. In the empirical part, was used a qualitative analysis in five cases from praxis. These analysed cases were classified into categories, and then in the discussion were compared with the theoretical part of the thesis. The result of this work is that there is a correct final solution to all five critical chest injuries in pre-hospital care, but in some cases we experience incomplete examinations and there are certain differences in the treatment of these critical injuries than the scholarly sources mentioned.
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Nursing care for patients with a chest trauma.
HORÁKOVÁ, Magdaléna
Injuries to the chest together with damage to the chest organs are among the most frequent injuries in common life. These traumas are often combined with another injury, or they are classified as polytraumas. Care for such patients is provided mainly by trauma centres due to the necessary complex, multi-stage treatment. In the event of an injury to the chest, the chest wall or internal organs in the ribcage may also be injured. These include especially the heart, lungs, main blood vessels, bronchi and throat. A chest injury may endanger the client?s life due to an immediate or potential risk of cardiopulmonary failure. The mechanisms of injury include contusion, compression and deceleration. Injuries may be isolated, multiple or classified as polytraumas. Treatment may be conservative as well as surgical. In most cases, the injuries are non-penetrating. Injuries may be caused by direct force (for example collision with a steering wheel, collision with the ground during a fall, a received blow) or indirect force (deceleration). Chest drainage is an often applied solution. During this medical operation, the drain is inserted into the pleural sac to remove pathologic content. This diploma thesis has been elaborated using the questionnaire method. Data were collected in selected trauma centres of the Czech Republic. 182 questionnaires were processed. Results of the research are processed in the form of graphs and contingency tables. Three hypotheses were defined to achieve the objectives. Hypothesis 1: Nurses have knowledge of the principles of care for patients with active chest breathing. Hypothesis 2: Nurses have knowledge of the principles of care for patients with passive chest breathing. Hypothesis 3: Nurses cooperate with rehabilitation therapists. We have managed to confirm all the hypotheses in our research investigation and thus meet the defined objectives. The research shows that nurses have knowledge of the principles of care for patients with active and passive chest breathing, and that they cooperate with physiotherapists. A nursing standard was created for nurses who focus on patients with applied chest drainage. This thesis may also serve as study material.
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Special features in nursing care of chest unjuries
HALODOVÁ, Markéta
The paper is titled "Special features of nursing in cases of chest injuries". The chosen objectives were two: (1) to find out whether the nurses are sufficiently skilled in caring for patients with chest injuries, and (2) to find out whether the nurses are sufficiently skilled in caring for the chest injury patients administered thoracostomy using tube drains. The paper has been split into two sections - theoretical and practical. The former deals with the injuries of thorax and their therapy using chest tube drains. Injuries to the thorax are severe conditions threatening to any time deteriorate the state of patient's health. Such injuries can be suffered in traffic accidents, sporting activities, or even through brachial violence. The greater part of the injuries can be intrathoracic, staying hidden inside the chest. The paper concentrates primarily on the active and passive drain techniques and the nursing care provided to the chest drain patients. The required information was obtained using the method of quantitative survey through a questionnaire, with the effort completed by the method of structured observation. The questionnaire was put before nurses working at the departments of traumatology and surgery and at the pulmonary and anesthesiology & resuscitation wards of the České Budějovice Hospital and the Faculty Hospital in Pilsen. This paper could be used in workshops held at the departments of surgery and traumatology as well as those organized by the pulmonary and anesthesiology & resuscitation wards. Moreover, it can serve as instructional material for the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia.
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