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Prague and the poor: social services for the poor in Prague in the years 1864-1929
Janovská, Veronika ; Hlavačka, Milan (advisor) ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (referee)
The care for the poor, or poor care, has meant an important help for the needy ones at the times of hardship. As per the laws, it was their home village that was supposed to have taken care of them, which has brought several problems. The main law for the poor care was the December 1868 Bill aimed specifically at the poor care. It was this act that had transferred the care for the poor from the state to the individual villages' and towns' hands. This Diploma Thesis is aimed at the Prague's poor care and its development within the time period of 1864 till 1929. It was during this period of time that the traditional poor care was transforming into the social work. As such, it was then understood to be not only the results-providing care, but rather the tool for preventive measures. Its competencies have since then included the new questions raised. Its providers did no longer wish to only hand out the social payments, but to also educate and increase the life conditions of the cared for persons. In 1929, the Prague Social Institution - so called Masaryk's Houses - was brought to action, and had fulfilled all of these parameters. Throughout the followed period it was the Main Directorate that had been in the lead of the Prague's poor care. The Directorate having the responsibility to assure the...
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Rumford’s Soup and Other Delicacies. The Poor Man’s Diet in the Habsburg Monarchy in the First Half of the 19th Century
Franc, Martin
The subject of this essay is the standard dietary composition in the poor sections of society in the Central european Habsburg Monarchy during the first half of the 19th century. Thee study does not cover instances of emergency situations such as those of famine or war. According to the data recorded in sources, the standard diet of the poor was unexceptionally dominated by the vegetable component, at that time still comprised largely of flour-based food including bread, whereas potatoes served as a staple food for the poor only in certain localities. Another important dietary component were pulses and, as a valuable supplement, also other vegetables and fruit.
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The issue of children´s beds at kindergartens
MARUŠOVÁ, Pavla
In my thesis I deal with a possible relation between the cots in nurseries and the increasing number of children with a poor posture. The aim is to map the condition of these cots and to determine the extent to which they sag if loaded. For my research I chose České Budějovice region, particularly two nurseries in České Budějovice and one nursery in Blatná.The theoretical part describes the development and function of the musculoskeletal system in the period from birth to 6 years of age and also depicts the growth of a preschool child's body. One of the chapters is devoted to the physical activity, which is an important instrument in the prevention of the improper organism development. Also, I describe the anatomical changes caused by the poor posture. An important part of the preschool child's daily program is the afternoon rest when children have to stay in beds. In my work I focus on the case of plastic beds where the standards are still very benevolent, although it is problematic. .The practical part consists of an objective measurement of the beds as well as data acquisition and its analysis with using of questionnaires. The research included 70 beds at three nurseries that have many years of experience with the plastic beds. Data were subsequently statistically evaluated.In my measurements, I was looking at the distance between the floor and the grate of the bed and how it changes without and with the load (the degree of sag). I registered the presence or absence of the mattress as well as the age of the bed, its manufacturer, storage of the beds and how they are handled in general. The collected data were used to confirm the original hypothesis: "The cots at the nurseries do not provide firm back support for children." To evaluate this hypothesis, the T test was used to calculate the statistical significance of sagging of the beds. The beds fitted into the range that has been designated by the recommended requirements for a solid back support. The null hypothesis is therefore not valid. The second hypothesis was evaluated using quantitative method of questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by 154 respondents. This group was made up of parents of children from the three nurseries. The results showed that 98% of children of the questioned parents spend the afternoon rest time at the nursery in the bed. Statistical evaluation of the second hypothesis of the chi -square test confirmed: "More than two-thirds of the preschool children have no subjective symptoms related to the back pain." Even though statistically I cannot establish a link between the poor posture of children and the quality of the cots at nurseries, I came out with the finding that at two of the three nurseries they do not use mattresses, which leads to the greater degree of sag and also the sufficient thermal isolation is not provided. In the research, the children already diagnosed with the poor posture did occur; therefore it is necessary to look for other causes of their orthopedic problems. It should be mentioned that the pediatricians may improve the condition of children by the proper examination of the musculoskeletal system and not underestimating of the rehabilitative care. The system also includes professionals in the sphere of the protection of public health, who play the important role not only as the controllers, but mainly as the advisors.
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