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The use of history of mathematics in teaching of fractions
Chytil, Jan ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
This master thesis is focused on fractions as a problematic area of mathematics education. The goal of the thesis is to find out which mistakes students make and which wrong strategies they adopt in dealing with fractions. Another aim is to study how the historical ways of dealing with fractions could help the students nowadays. The thesis consists of a theoretical part introduces the matematical thinking of the Ancient Mesopotomia and Egypt periods, as well as present day teaching of fractions, using analysis of the textbooks and a brief glimpse into Czech as well as international researches. The practical part is based on an investigation in three different seventh grade classes in two primary schools and one high school class of the prima grade. In total 73 students participated in the research which cotains a diagnostic test, a series of individual interviews and an educational experiment with historical tasks. The result of this thesis is the finding that most of the mistaken strategies are not connected with only one particular school, because they appear in all of the schools and the Ancient Egyptian methods could be helpful in teaching fractions today as well. For this reason I recommend to spend more time in the educational proces with unit fractions (fractions of the form 1 n ), which are...
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Variation of isotopic composition in selected natural and archeological samples, methodical approach
Venhauerová, Petra ; Trubač, Jakub (advisor) ; Magna, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is focused on elaboration of the methodical approaches for determination silver isotope ratios by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP- MS) from Centrum of stable and radiogenic isotopes on Science Faculty on Charles University. Therefore, this thesis describes in detail methodology of chromatographic separation and conditions of further measurement. For analysis of isotopic ratios 107 Ag/109 Ag in individual samples are used natural samples of various silver and gold deposits in Czech Republic and Poland. Also, archeological findings of fractures of silver coins from our country. The aim of this work is to find out if there is a variability among this two types of samples. Measured values are further correlated with already published works specialized on similar types of natural and archeological samples. The obtained values could be used for an interpretation of geological processes (e. g. physicochemical fractionation during ore forming processes) or as an identification source of the origin of coins and other archeological findings (e. g. silver ornaments). Gained knowledge of this work will help improve contemporary methodology in measurement of silver isotopes, such as standard calibration and tuning the stability of a signal. Key words: isotopes of...
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Expressing the attributes in the greatest degree in spanish and czech magazines for young people
BOLECH, Václav
In this thesis we concentrate on superlatives and other expressions to the greatest degree. The aim of this thesis is to map these expressions in the Spanish language of the youth and the Czech language of the youth. The thesis is divided to several parts. The first part describes expressions to the greatest degree, elatives, superlatives or other expressions of intensification from several different perspectives and the diversity of different theories represented by czech and spanish linguists. Then we mention global influence of the Language and we stipulate hypothesis. And in the second part we analyze czech and spanish magazines for young people, finding superlatives, elatives or other terms expressing the greatest degree. The result of this thesis is a well-arranged and organized report about the frequency, mood and fashion of different expressions of intensification, elatives or superlatives. In the conclusion we graphically demonstrate the frequency of different expressions and we prove the theoretical hypotheses.
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