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Sugars and other sweeteners
Krejčí, Martina ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Panovská, Zdeňka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of sugars and other sweeteners. In the theoretical part, a brief overview of carbohydrates in terms of nutrition, composition and basic breakdown is given. In detail, attention is then paid to specific types of natural energy sweeteners, non-energy sweeteners and polyols. The health effects of these sweeteners, the history of their use and, in the case of sugar, their consumption and production are discussed. Particular space is devoted to the legislation, control and safety of some non-energy sweeteners. Part of the work focuses more specifically on the artificial sweetener aspartame and the cases concerning its safety and effects on human health. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to identify the range of table sweeteners and syrups, to create a list of them and then to assess the most common types of syrups sensorially. Another objective was to find out what sweeteners the general public and high school students use, whether they prefer beverages with artificial sweeteners, and to find out their opinion on the safety and control of artificial sweeteners. The practical part firstly deals with market research in 13 shops, 6 drugstores, 6 pharmacies and 3 health food stores. An inventory of 52 types of table sweeteners and 46 types of syrups offered in the...
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Non - freezing heat transfer liquids on the polyol platform
Solný, Tomáš ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of changes in non-freezing heat transfer liquid composed of mixture of polyols and water, used in the real solar thermic system. On the base of the research a new heat transfer liquid is proposed on the platform of 1,3-polyols. The emphasis is put on the non-toxic properties of such system revealing the two chemical candidates for a new heat transfer liquid: 1,3-propanediol and glycerol. These chemicals are mixed together with water using different volume concentrations and properties of such liquids are evaluated.
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Does the synthesis of sugar alcohols represent a general mechanism of plant stress response?
Peldřimovská, Jitka ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Zelenková, Sylva (referee)
Plants cope with adverse environmental conditions with broad variety of defence mechanisms. One of them is the accumulation of compatible solutes, e.g. carbohydrates including sugar alcohols. The compatible solutes are involved in osmotic adjustment, scavenging of reactive oxygen species and they can protect macromolecules and cell membranes by simulation of water envelopes. The sugar alcohols appear in a large range of plants where they serve as primary products of photosynthesis and are involved in long distance transport of C and energy storage. Homologues of the enzymes of polyol metabolism, however, have been recently found also in the plant species that do not use sugar alcohols for fulfilling of above mentioned basic functions of carbohydrate metabolism and where their role remains elusive. It is well known that some plants are able to switch between different carbohydrates in response to different stresses, and some produce polyols only at a certain stage of development. It is therefore question of further studies, whether the polyols cannot be observed in other plants under specific stress conditions and in certain developmental stages as a part of stress response. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to summarize knowledge of mannitol and sorbitol roles, and especially their involvement in...
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Non - freezing heat transfer liquids on the polyol platform
Solný, Tomáš ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of changes in non-freezing heat transfer liquid composed of mixture of polyols and water, used in the real solar thermic system. On the base of the research a new heat transfer liquid is proposed on the platform of 1,3-polyols. The emphasis is put on the non-toxic properties of such system revealing the two chemical candidates for a new heat transfer liquid: 1,3-propanediol and glycerol. These chemicals are mixed together with water using different volume concentrations and properties of such liquids are evaluated.
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