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Effect of pollination on seedset and yield of buckwheat (\kur{Fagopyrum esculentum}).
NOLČ, Radek
Common buckwheat is a attracting plant for many pollinators, therefore it be helping to restore biodiversity in the landscape. The most important of pollinators of buc kwheat are honeybee and hoverflies. The aim of this thesis was to find out effect of pollination of buckwheat sown with honeybees and the others pollinators on the seed set and yield of archenes in different varieties of buckwheat. A small-plot field experiment was established with three varieties of common buckwheat in the Pilsen Region, in the place of Zábělá. Before flowering began, half of the plots were covered with insect screens. The buckwheat stand was evaluated from the point of: plants height, number of branches, number of flowers and inflorescences on a plant, nectar volume in Thrum flowers, flowering time, number of archenes on a plant, the weight of thousand of archenes and the yield of archenes. Monitoring of pollinators was performed at the time of buckwheat flowering at 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14 hours, during 10 minutes, using photos. Nectar collection took place on five consecu tive days, from 16. 7. until 20. 7., at 9, 10 and 11 hours. Total of 31 insect species were recorded on buckwheat flowers. The most common effective pollinators of buckwheat were honeybees, (39,7 %) and hoverflies (37,5 %). The significant difference in nectar production was found among the tested buckwheat varieties. The yield of achenes on covered plants was 87 % lower than on freely accessible plants.
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Monitoring of floral visitors and their importance on comon buckwheat
NOLČ, Radek
Common buckwheat is a crop that attracts many pollinators. The most important of these is honeybee. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out what share of honeybee is on the pollination of common buckwheat and what its significance for the yield of archenes at different sowing times. A small-plot field experiment was established in the Pilsen Region, in the place of Zábělá, on three sowing times (1st May, 1st June and 1st July 2019).The buckwheat stand was evaluated from the point of: flowering time, total vegetation time of the stand, number of inflorescences and flowers on a plant, number of archenes on a plant, the weight of thousand of archenes and the yield of archenes. Monitoring of pollinators was performed at the time of buckwheat flowering at 9, 11 and 14 hours, during 10 minutes, using photos. The share of honeybees on the pollination of buckwheat was 29% of effective pollinators. A total of 24 insect species were recorded on buckwheat flowers. The highest number of buckwheat pollinators was recorded in July (21 species). The most common effective pollinator of buckwheat were hoverflies (57%). The most visits of honeybees were recorded at the second sowing time (on 1 June 2019), which also had the highest expected yield.
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Preferences of the main groups of pollinators for the functional floral traits
Malá, Karolína ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hadrava, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the preferences of the main functional groups of pollinators towards floral traits of plants. Due to coevolution and mutual selection pressures, these two life forms have begun to adapt to each other and develop traits on which the future of their life depends. The plant seeks to attract its pollinators, thus ensuring efficient pollen transfer or reproduction for its species. Attractants are used to motivate visitors to its flowers. These attractants provide pollinators with either direct rewards (food, shelter, brood) or rewards in the form of sensory perceptions (colour, scent, morphology). Recently, it has become apparent that flower colour, morphology and the type of food reward offered by the flower have the greatest influence on pollinator choice. Based on preferences towards attractants, we can organize several functional groups whose representatives have the same or similar choice preferences. Key words Pollination syndromes, pollinator, selection pressures, plant traits, coevolution, preferences, fidelity, diptera, coleoptera, lepidoptera, hymenoptera, birds, colour, morphology, rewards
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Ultraviolet patterns in flowers and their significance as a signal to pollinators
Zitko, Martin ; Pecháček, Pavel (advisor) ; Janeček, Štěpán (referee)
Various animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and many angiosperms make use of this ability to communicate with their pollinators. Therefore plants often dis- play patterns on their flowers and inflorescences visible only in ultraviolet light. The origin of these patterns is both pigment-based and structural-based, resulting in UV absorbing or UV reflecting flower. The main goal of this thesis is to give a summary of ultraviolet light as well as explore how plants produce ultraviolet pat- terns and present their actual appearance. I also pay attention to the characteristics of pollinators' vision with emphasis on ultraviolet light, and to the biological signifi- cance of ultraviolet flower signals for the pollinators. Gaps in knowledge are implied as well. The result of the thesis shows that ultraviolet light has an unquestionable significance in the relationship of angiosperms and their pollinators. It also shows a coevolution of ultraviolet patterns and pollinators' preferences for them. Keywords: ultraviolet, flower pattern, bull's eye, signalisation, pollinator
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