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Physical activity as a primary prevention for selected civilization diseases
DIVÁCKÝ, Jan
The content of the bachelor thesis is to outline the importance of physical activities in a primary prevention of lifestyle diseases, and emphasize the implementation of these activities as a part of a healthy lifestyle. Increased prevalence of lifestyle diseases is linked to our way of life, among which there are an excessive food intake and a reduced physical activity. Physical activities in the appropriate volume positively affect levels of HDL cholesterol, reduce the risk of colon cancer, the type 2 diabetes or hypertension, help to keep one´s body weight, increase cardiorespiratory endurance, which forestalls heart disease, circulatory and respiratory systems diseases. The most common cause of the morbidity and mortality in most European countries including the CR represents cardiovascular disease. Physical activities in addition to the primary prevention have an important benefit in the treatment, thus the tertiary prevention of the cardiovascular disease. The first objective of this study was to determine what physical activities are carried out by individuals with cardiovascular disease. The most common form of physical activity in this group of people is walking: 26 (39%) men and 22 (48%) women. At the first set target H1 binds: People with cardiovascular disease are not involved in physical activities (H0). This hypothesis was rejected by testing at a significance level alfa = 0.05 by the chi-square test. Performing physical activity primarily affects the goal you want to achieve. To keep health benefits we must abide the FITT principle. People with CVD are especially recommended a long- term physical activity (walking, nordic walking, cycling, swimming, home trainer), performed regularly with a frequency of 3-5 times per week, for at least 30 minutes, which should not exceed the intensity of 60-80 % of the maximum heart rate or 6 METs. Physical activities need not be carried out once, but may be divided into more time intervals during the day. The second objective was to determine what knowledge the individuals with cardiovascular disease have of the possibility of appropriate physical activities. To which followed H2: People with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities. To determine the appropriate knowledge of the possibilities of physical activities I have included 6 survey questions. I determined the erudition/education by reaching 4 points or more for at least 70 % of patients (H0). The value of p = 0.00 <0.05, therefore we reject (H0) that people with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities (70% share of the educated), and accept the alternative hypothesis that people with cardiovascular disease are not educated about the characteristics of suitable motion activities (HA). The proportion of the educated person is not expected (70 %), it is significantly higher, patients are more educated than it was expected (86%). In the summary, the people with CVD perform most outdoor physical activities in the form of walking, while the men prefer a higher frequency of 3-4 times a week and women 1-2 times per week. Time spent on physical activities by both sexes mostly ranged between 20 to 30 minutes a day of moderate intensity. Compared with the recommendations, the volume of PA research sample is sufficient, just weekly rate for women should be the same as for men. If you keep the current level of physical activity, it should individually lead to keeping the current health parameters considering the higher average age (63.7 years) and the disposition of the respondents. The results of this study may contribute to understanding the importance of physical activities in the prevention of lifestyle diseases, thereby affecting behavior and lifestyle of risk groups (sedentary people, children and youth, seniors).
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