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Specifika reprodukce koní
Maňasová, Michaela
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of specifics in the breeding and reproduction of horses. The theoretical part firstly describes genital organs of mares as well as stallions and the differences from other species of livestock. Next the thesis characterizes mare’s sexual cycle and methods of horse reproduction regarding their advantages and disadvantages. The next section of the theoretical part gives attention to specifics of the whole reproductive cycle and its comparison to other livestock. And the final part of the theoretical part provides the options for affecting the mare’s sexual cycle. The practical part covers the evaluation of reproductive traits of horse breeding in Hřebčín Vlachovice between 2015 – 2018 period. During these reproduction seasons, there were two stallions – Age of Jape and Ray of Light. It is looked on indicators as the amount of covered and pregnant broodmares, fertility of stallions, effectivity of mare’s getting pregnant or mare’s ability to get pregnant after having a foal. As the last but not least factor watched in the thesis is using hormonal products at mares.
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Využití aktivometrů v řízení reprodukce holštýnského skotu na ŠZP Žabčice
Šalšová, Agáta
This bachelor thesis focuses on heat detection in cattle. The thesis introduces the description of the female reproductive system, estrous cycle and its neurohormonal control. It further discusses heat and its signs – primarily an increased physical activity and what it is affected by. It explores different models of activometers; more specifically an activometer model Ovalert, which is currently used in a school farm Žabčice. The thesis concludes that activometers are very beneficial tools for breeding. They significantly facilitate work and save time. They can also duly detect and alert you to certain health conditions related to the observed parameters such as decreased activity, rumination intensity or feed intake.
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Vaginal Cytology in the Bitch
Doudová, Kateřina ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (referee)
Vaginal cytology is microscopic examination method which is used to evaluation phases of oestrus cycle and possibility of result time the best date for successful breeding. Substance of the examination is subjective evaluation of the epithelium and cell morphology. Vaginal cytology is influenced by levels of sexual hormones which are typical for individual phases of oestrus cycle. Regular physiologic changes on internal and external sexual organs happen during oestrus cycle. Canine behaviour, espacially with regard on refusal or accept dogs, is depending on phases of interval. Oestrus is in the bitch usually twice a year, in 5 to 12 month cycles. Oestrus cycle is devided into individual phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and anestrus. In terms of sexual behavior of females the whole estrous cycle can be distinguished into a period of sexual willingness (proestrus, estrus) and the period of sexual reluctance (metestrus, anestrus). Proestrus begins as a regression of the corpus luteum and finishes with onset of estrus. At the end of proestrus LH surge occurs after which further 24 to 48 hours ovulation follows. Proestrus is characterized by progressively increasing size of the vulva, vaginal epithelial proliferation, cornification epithelum of vagina and vulva swelling. For this stage parabasal and intermedial cells, erythrocytes and leukocytes are typical in the cytological smear of vagina.
Estrus is the period of sexual willingness. In this period matured follicle burst and subsequent egg ovulation. In this cytology smear dominating superficial squamous cells are typical for this period. There can observed erytrocytes. In initial period of estrus too large intermediate cells often appear. In the next period, metestrus, the corpus luteum is gradually developing. Cytology smear from vagina is characterized by the presence of large numbers of neutrophils, typical are parabasal and small intermediate cells. In anestrus manifests luteal activity of the corpus luteum. Vaginal cytology is characterized by finding parabasal, small intermediate cells and leukocytes. Vaginal cytology is a simple, quick, noninvasive and inexpensive procedure that allows us to identify the stage of the reproductive cycle of bitches and to diagnose some pathologic conditions of the genital tract (hormonal dysfunctions, inflammatory or neoplastic diseases). More than other domestic animals vaginal cytologic changes are expressed in the bitch which correlate with each phase of the estrous cycle.
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Pseudogravidity in the Female Dog
Rybnikářová, Kateřina ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (referee)
A condition known as false pregnancy or pseudopregnancy characterises a normal course of the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle in non-pregnant bitches with abnormal external signs mimicking pregnancy and parturition. The cause of pseudopregnancy is probably an increased sensitivity of some bitches to normal internal hormonal changes during the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle. Above all it is an abnormal reaction of the organism to increased progesterone or prolactin levels. Pathophysiology of emergence of external signs of a pseudopregnancy has not yet been fully clarified. Onset of clinical signs of a pseudopregnancy (especially on mammary glands) is linked to a reduction in progesterone levels and increased prolactin concentration in peripheral blood.
Non-pregnant bitches exhibit variously intense signs of pregnancy and parturition in 2 - 8-week intervals after typical oestrus. The intensity of signs can vary from slight swelling of mammary glands with mild milk secretion to general signs of pregnancy, such as increased appetite, changes in appetite, abdominal volume enlargement, preparation of nests for the young. General signs may culminate in an imitation of parturition. Therapy is not required in cases when the bitch shows less severe signs because a pseudopregnancy is not a real disorder of the reproductive cycle and it by itself does not reduce fertility of the bitch. An appropriate course of treatment for bitches showing a strong secretion of milk from mammary glands should be consulted with a veterinarian and the occurrence of mastitis, inflammation of the uterus and other diseases should be prevented.
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