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Assessment of breeding conditions in the Šumava National Park visitor centers
POPELÁKOVÁ, Zuzana
When evaluating breeding is necessary to comply with several conditions, as physical and mental state of the animal, age and health of the individual, equipment excursions and aviary, providing suitable climatic conditions in breeding lodging, feeding, power and quality. Welfare or well-being of animals is currently one of most discussed topic. Welfare conditions are determined by the ,,rule of the five freedoms'' according to Webster (1999), it is adherence is still not the rule. For these reasons, this bachelor thesis deals with the conditions of breeding and welfare of animals in visitor centers in Borová Lada, Srní and Kvilda. The aim was to evaluate and subsequently develop graphic designs and visualization of aviaries and excursions to meet the welfare requirements. After an overall evaluation of the information and materials obtained, the Srni visitor center is the only one to be completely satisfactory in terms of welfare.
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The evaluation of breeding and reproductive factors of Greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) in UCSZOO
Černá, Lucie ; Jebavý, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tománek, Pavel (referee)
The greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) are one of the most widespread bird species in zoological gardens and within the Union of Czech and Slovak Zoological Gardens they are the third most common. Nowadays they can be found in 11 Czech and 3 Slovak zoos. Although flamingos have been bred since 19th century, it is still quite problematic. The successfulness of breeding depends on detailed knowledge of their biology and ethology. Basic information about these two disciplines can be found in the first part of this bachelor thesis together with breeding conditions recommended by foreign experts. Second part concentrates on description of breeding and reproductive indicators in individual zoos within the Union of Czech and Slovak Zoological Gardens and their subsequent evaluation. These data have been collected mostly during life visits of mentioned institutions. For successful breeding it is important that the flamingos are kept in numerous flocks and their gender ratio is balanced. Another thing that is needed is adequately large exhibit with water tank which provides sense of security. What is important next is optimally set food ration with enough carotin and also flying ability of males. Those with cropped wings have a smaller successfulness of copulation thus a smaller chance of egg fertilisation. The most suitable conditions for reproduction within the Union of Czech and Slovak Zoological Gardens has "Ohrada" zoo. The worst conditions, on the other hand, have "Chomutov" and "Plzeň" zoos where the flamingos are kept only for expositional purpose.
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Breeding success of Snow Leopard, Ounce (Uncia uncia) in Zoological gardens.
FIALA, Václav
A snow leopard, specifically irbis (Uncia uncia), is considered as the most endangered species. There are many causes of decreasing population in the last twenty years. The most important are mainly loss of habitat and prey, poaching, agro farming, related conflicts with the natives, and last but not least bad legislation in some countries. Although, the protection has improved in recent years, it is still necessary to increase its efficiency, especially in legislation. Breeding in human care is also one of the most significant implements in protection. For effective breeding it is essential to understand the factors affecting its success. The main aim of my bachelor thesis is to evaluate the breeding success of irbis in the zoos all over the world (except Asia) from data obtained from the International Pedigree Book for Snow leopards (Uncia uncia). Furthermore, my next task is to describe the conditions of breeding in the Czech Republic and specify the chief factors determining the success of rearing. The following facts based on the study of the International Pedigree Book for Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) were ascertained: due to the small number of zoological gardens, there are initially large fluctuations in success of rearing. With the rising natality increases at the same time the mortality. The average success rate is 56,47 %. The percentage of deaths is still high. The breeding conditions in zoos of the Czech Republic revealed that the success of breeding is negatively affected by the high humidity and poorly prepared diet.
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Welfare for big cervids - needs of Cervidae and possibilities of their fulfillment in Zoo Brno expositions
PŘICHYSTALOVÁ, Michala
Many species of deer family (Cervidae) are common among the inmates zoos and similar livestock farms. Center of radiation biungulates deer family was Asia, deer now inhabit all continents except Antarctica. The zoo in Brno kepts following species: Siberian deer (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) inhabit the forested areas of Southeast Asia. In the older literature is cited as subspecies of deer (Cervus elaphus), modern science provides evidence of a greater relationship with wapiti (Cervus canadensis). Pere David's deer - milu (Elaphurus davidianus), according to IUCN Red List (March 2010) extinct in the wild. Original homeland Pere David's deer was China, now survive in zoos and half-wild in Chinese reserves. The greatest representative of the family of deer is elk (Alces alces). The area of the extension occupies mainly the Nordic countries of Europe and North Asia and America. Several subspecies have been described, one of them is Moose (Alces alces alces). The aim of present work was to evaluate the environmental conditions of Siberian deer, Pere David's deer and Moose in a European zoo Brno and verify compliance with the peace breeding principles. Elements were under consideration as the herd age structure, composition of feed rations, equipment enclosure. Data were obtained from maps and engineering plans for the zoo and analysis of available materials. There are lists that register notes on animal health and veterinary interventions carried out by carers in the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. Registrations and notes show that the animals were subjected to influences that may affect their welfare. Most of these effects is necessary for the operation of the zoo and not in conflict with the principles of farming. In these lists were not found facts which would clearly prevent successful breeding of animals.
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Ethology study of breeding bevy of the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) in Zoo Ohrada
STUPKOVÁ, Veronika
The Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) from the Phoenicopteridae family belongs to relatively common inmates of zoological gardens. It is naturally occurred in parts of Africa, southern Europe, south-west and south Asia. Successful breeding in the zoo depends on detailed knowledge of its biology. Presented work is a contribution to the knowledge of breeding ethology of this species. The work has taken place in zoo Ohrada since 29th April to 1st July 2010 in whole range of 62 hours. The main aim of this work was to find out how long the birds are pursuing every single activity depending on concrete term and depending on the sex. It was used the method of the direct observation. There were five pairs observed, the birds were observed in three terms ? first term is the brood-term, second term is the term of sitting on the nest with the baby bird and the third term is the term when the juveniles move into herds (cr?ches). There were two egg losses by two pairs. There were determined 15 types of activity. The results were processed statistically, it was realized the analysis of variance for single terms and sexes. Time of pursuing single activities was different between single terms. No differences were found between the behavior of males and females.
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Ethological study of marmoset monkeys in Jihlava Zoo.
ROHELOVÁ, Markéta
Pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) is the smallest species of marmosets (Callitrichidae) and at once the smallest monkey of the world. The diet of pygmy marmoset consists of exudates (gumivory), fruits and insects. It lives in monogamous pairs where dominant pair gave birth to two offspring. Main care is provided by male and older siblings. Mother care about offspring only when nurse them. This study was performed in zoo Jihlava where was the carrying of infants (Cebuella pygmaea) the main focus of observation. The carrying was provided by two different species - pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) and golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). This group of marmosets lived in the same cage. Observations were made six hours per week since third to twelve week of offspring life. All behaviour was directly observed and compared with another species of Platyrrhini. The comparison of breeding conditions in zoos and private facilities was another aim. It was found that at the beginning the male (father) carry offspring most often. Since the fourth week it was greatly replaced by lion female. The first observation of young without carrying individual was done in their fifth week. Since this time, both lion males start to carry (male - 1 mainly in 7th and 8th weeks). In 9th week young became more and more independent. The lion female, pygmy marmoset male and lion male - 1 were the most frequently carrying individuals, respectively.
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The problems od successful wintering of hedgehogs
KITTLOVÁ, Lucie
Hedgehog is a member of Insectivora (Eulipotyphla). There are European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and Southern White-breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) in our country. They have similar natural history. Both feed primarily invertebrates and live solitary. It is typical for these two species to hibernate during cold part of the year. The aim of this study was to determine how to reduce the mortality of the hedgehogs in the Zoological Garden Ústí nad Labem and suggest better breeding conditions. Basis of the work forms registering incoming hedgehogs and checking their health since November 2009 to March 2010. Furthermore an individual measuring has been taken every week to decide whether hedgehog has sufficient weight for hibernation. Comparison of breeding conditions in Hluboká nad Vltavou, Třeboň and Vlašim rescue stations was also done during this study. This comparison showed that the biggest shortcoming of the Zoological Garden Ústí nad Labem is small knowledge of keepers about keeping of hedgehogs. Another failure is little time given to them. Definitely, the biggest problem is a lack of place, thereby they are kept together in large numbers. Thats probably the main reason why there is a lot of aggressive behavior and disease transmission between individuals.
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The ethological study in a selected lemur species
ŽAHOUROVÁ, Petra
Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) lives in the south and southwest of Madagascar. It is species of an half-ape which is frugivorous and folivorous. They make up multi-male and multi-female social group where dominate females above males. The work have taken place in Zoo Jihlava since May to November 2009. Observation have been always three hours morning and three hours afternoon in random choice days independently on weather and only in interior lemur-run. It was used the method of the direct observation. Observation was focused on mutual expulsion of individuals and on displays which have connection with expulsion like submissive vocalism and falling back. It was observed some grooming, contact, game and food in-take. The main aim of this work was number evaluation of expulsion and evaluate the influence of expulsion on the time spending by food in-take, contact, grooming and game. By the observation was found that in the Zoo Jihlava expulsion individuals spend about 1,88 pc time of in-take, about 3,5 pc time of contact, about 3,09 pc of grooming less but then about 0,24 pc of game more. Two years old female called Matylda separated the others at full fart and the most expulsion individual was twelve years old male called Pepa.
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