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Zhodnocení vývoje chovu ovcí na vybraných farmách v regionu Valašsko
Matysková, Michaela
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the current situation in sheep husbandry in the region of Moravian Wallachia in eastern Moravia. The literature review describes the characteristics of sheep husbandry in the Czech republic, the definition of the region of Moravian Wallachia, the most common sheep breeds, the most significant sheep diseases and the most significant predators of the sheep in the region. A significant part of this work is dedicated to predators of sheep, especially to wolves. In the practical part, a questionnaire intended for sheep breeders in the Moravian Wallachian region was made. Sheep breeders answered the questions regarding many aspects of the husbandry. In the end, measures to better the situation in sheep husbandry were introduced.
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Populatio analysis sheep breeds included in the gene resources in the Czech republic
Benešová, Jaroslava ; Vostrý, Luboš (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
Genetic variability reflects the degree of diversity of the population breeds of livestock and seed objectives can greatly decrease. As a result of the reduction of the genetic variability of the population experiencing adverse effects or to the complete extinction of the breed. Adverse effects are manifested primarily on the fitness of animals and their commercial properties. When sufficient population size and when are these influences mating panmictic minimum, however, in populations where there is a reduction in the number of individuals, these effects are essential. In connection with inbreedingem is acting negatively influences called inbred depression. The degree of inbreeding in populations is necessary to monitor and on the basis of creating mating plans, so that was the greatest genetic gain achieved in the conservation of genetic variability, which will have a negative effect on fitness and utility properties.
Population analysis was prepared based on data from the herd-books in 1985 up to 2013. The data contained the pedigree of the Bohemian Forest sheep, which is placed between the genetic resources in the Czech Republic. Using the program SAS 5.8 (Statistical Analysis Software) the value of the coefficient of inbreeding have been established for each individual and the average value of the entire population. The other trend was the evaluation of the parameters of the vyhodnocenými coefficient of inbreeding in the reference period and the effective population size, and the generational interval for the four paths of transmission of genes and two transmission paths of genes. The trend of development of the coefficient of inbreeding (Fx) was evaluated as a kolísavě rising with an average of around 0.6%. The average generation interval (L) for the four paths of gene transfer was calculated for two years and 3.83 journey 3.55 years gene transfer.
The value of the generation interval, the shorter the period considered, resulting in the intensification of genetic gain. The effective population size (Ne) was estimated in two ways. The total effective population size (Ne) taking into account the kinship was estimated to number of 85 individuals and effective population size involving only males and females was estimated at 3070 individuals. On the basis of the analysis of the coefficient of inbreeding, the generation interval and effective size of the population it is possible to sort the sheep from the Šumava with the low degree of coefficient of inbreeding and the average generation interval. On the basis of the value of effective population size 85 individuals may be experiencing the sheep breed known as endangered.
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