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Nursing Care for Tight Bone Fractures in Children up to Five Years of Age
 TROJANOVÁ, Veronika
Bachelor thesis deals with the issues of nursing care of children on plaster extension and their hospitalization in paediatric wards. The issue of childhood fractures is still an up-to-date topic as there is not enough literature on nursing care of these children. Children with broken tight bone up to five years of age are mostly treated by conservative methods by means of plaster extension. We set two main goals. The first goal was to find out how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward. The second goal focused on the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fractures hospitalized in paediatric ward. We set four research questions to these goals. The first research question deals with the benefit of hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture with his/her mother in paediatric ward. The second research question deals with satisfaction of the needs of a child with thigh bone fracture. The third question asks about the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. The fourth question examines possible complications that might occur in children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. Qualitative research by means of semi-structured interview with general nurses and with parents of children on plaster extension was used for elaboration of the bachelor thesis. The interviews were conducted from 16/2/ to 31/3/2013 in two hospitals in Prague and one hospital in Brno. The research sample consisted of six nurses working in paediatric wards and five parents hospitalized in paediatric wards with their children. The data were categorized in a Microsoft Word module and the categories were then commented. Literally transcribed quotations of respondents without linguistic revision can also be found here. The results show how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward and what the nursing care specifics are. The first research question dealt with hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture in paediatric ward. We found that children on plaster extension are usually hospitalized with their parents. They cope with the hospitalization well as their parents mostly take care about them. The nurses said that hospitalization with a parent is better for a child as a child is usually used to receiving care from his/her mother or father and is calmer. The second research question asked about the needs of a child on plaster extension. We came to a conclusion that the mother or father usually cares about all the needs of their child. We were particularly interested in the needs for nourishment, hygiene, evacuation and movement. The need for nourishment is satisfied lying down on bed, mostly with a spoon. If a child is fed with breast milk, it is served directly from the breast or from a baby bottle with human milk. Hygiene is also provided in bed by means of a plastic basin and washcloths. As for evacuation we came to the conclusion that children on plaster extension are usually evacuated in bed into napkins. Movement is that children on plaster extension have limited movement and that they mainly do what they can. The third research question examined the specifics of nursing care of a child with plaster extension. We found that extension is adjusted by means of ,,special bandages" and elastic roller bandages. The complete nursing care is provided in lying position in bed. The fourth research question dealt with specific complications that might occur in these children. All the nurses mentioned the possibility of defect occurrence under the plaster. We came to a conclusion that extensive care about leg skin is necessary. This thesis should provide information on plaster extension and subsequent elimination of mistakes that might occur in the care of a child with thigh bone fracture on plaster extension.
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