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The multiresidue determination of pesticides in barley and malt by the LC/MS method with QuEChERS extraction
Posoldová, Kateřina ; Pernica,, Marek (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is the determination of pesticides in barley and malt. Barley is one of the second most cultivated cereals in the Czech Republic. In order to achieve higher yields, higher grain quality, and avoid losses, plant protection products - pesticides - are used. The disadvantage of their use is their negative impact on human and animal health and the environment. Residues of pesticides and their metabolites can remain in a food, so it is a good idea to monitor their content. There are various options for determination, but recently the QuEChERS extraction method has been used, which speeds up the whole sample preparation process. The practical part summarizes the optimization and validation of the QuEChERS method and the subsequent quantification of analytes by UPLC-MS/MS. The content of 148 pesticides in 30 barley and 20 malt samples from the 2021 harvest in the Czech Republic was analysed.
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Využití silic při ochraně bramboru vůči bakterii Dickeya dianthicola
Špaček, Dominik
The thesis "Use of essential oils in the protection of the potato against Dickeya dianthicola" deals with the antibacterial effects of selected essential oils and their components. Specifically, the oils cinnamon, fennel, tea tree, cumin, roman cumin, cloves, tea tree and components of carvone and limonene for the gram-negative bacterium Dickeya dianthicola. Antibacterial activity was assessed using a disc diffusion method where inhibitory zones were monitored. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity was determined using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The disk diffusion method showed that the bacterium tested was most sensitive to the presence of cinnamon oil at all concentrations. Cloves oil was measured to be more efficient at 75 μl/ml than at 100 μl/ml. Based on the MIC and MBC readings, it is clear that the viability of Dickeya dianthicola bacteria was most inhibited by cinnamon essential oil and clove oil. In conclusion, a pathogenicity test was carried out to show that the carvone component suppressed the symptoms of the attack more than the cinnamon and cumin oil.
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Výskyt patogenů a škůdců v porostu máku setého
Gabčíková, Rebeka
This work in its theoretical part deals with the basic characteristics of oilseed poppy cultivation, with a focus on the characterization of pests and diseases. The practical part of the work was conducted in the form of an experiment, which was carried out on the land of the company Agroregión a.s., based in Rajec, Slovakia. The experiment consisted of monitoring pests and diseases and evaluating the abundance of their occurrence in different variants of chemical treatment (control, insecticide, insecticide + fungicide). The occurrence of the black bean aphid (Aphid fabae) was detected among the pests, for which the direct impact of insecticidal treatment on the abundance could not be demonstrated. The occurrence of poppy downy mildew (Peronospora arborescens) was confirmed among the diseases, and the results in the form of the percentage of affected plants proved to be an insufficient measure for the evaluation of the disease progress. However, from the attached photographs, it is apparent that fungicidal protection in this case provided significantly better plant health.
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Pests and diseases of hop - factual information database and e-learning system
KOVAŘÍK, Michal
This work deals with making factual database for crop Humulus lupulus L. The information, contained in the database falls within the protection of plants and more specifically to the field phytopatological, entomological and phytosanitary. Literature research provides an overview of the issue and information technology. The database has been compiled in the years 2007 - 2009 and the idea is to create a system for diagnosis and effective source of information for plant protection. For the creation of databases and educational system have been used languages PHP, HTML and cascading style sheets to format the graphic. For the purposes of the database was used by the SQL language and relational version of MySQL. The system is a detailed description, bionomics and protection. The system also contains a considerable number of pictures. The results are presented as a guide for working with the system.
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The Health Conditions of Ornamental Plants of the Family Begoniaceae in Greenhouse Systems
DEMELOVÁ, Šárka
The main aim of this study was to identify patogenes, which cause dying of begonia tubers while dormancy. Experiments consisted of two main parts: detection fungal pathogens during the vegetation and laboratory tests of hybernating tubers. Begonia plants were controled regularly once per week during the vegetation for health and number of healthy, disease and dying plants. For laboratory tests were used tubers before dormancy and healthy and disease ones for testing during vegetation season. The selection of tubers for testing was based on results from last season, when the tubers were compared in mortality. Depending on this factor were selected mutatins: the most sensitive (begonia tuberhybrida white), ordinary (Begonia pendula yellow-orange) and the most resistent (Begonia tuberhibrida cinnabar, red). Plants were observed at all phases of vegetation.
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The multiresidue determination of pesticides in barley and malt by the LC/MS method with QuEChERS extraction
Posoldová, Kateřina ; Pernica,, Marek (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is the determination of pesticides in barley and malt. Barley is one of the second most cultivated cereals in the Czech Republic. In order to achieve higher yields, higher grain quality, and avoid losses, plant protection products - pesticides - are used. The disadvantage of their use is their negative impact on human and animal health and the environment. Residues of pesticides and their metabolites can remain in a food, so it is a good idea to monitor their content. There are various options for determination, but recently the QuEChERS extraction method has been used, which speeds up the whole sample preparation process. The practical part summarizes the optimization and validation of the QuEChERS method and the subsequent quantification of analytes by UPLC-MS/MS. The content of 148 pesticides in 30 barley and 20 malt samples from the 2021 harvest in the Czech Republic was analysed.
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The impact of herbivores on plant population dynamics: The importance for biological control of invasive plants
Šulcová, Hana ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Herbivory is one of the most important relations between plants and animals. The herbivores affect plant populations not only by grazing, but also by trampling and disturbing the vegetation. Herbivores have also great potential to affect the population dynamics of particular plant species. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics and to interpret it in relation to biological control of invasive plants. When evaluating the effect of herbivores, it is necessary to keep in mind the fact that herbivores don't affect only plants but also each other through direct as well as indirect competition. The use of different herbivore species to supress the invasive plants may not necessarily be effective. The range of the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics depends also on the environmental conditions. Habitats with infrequent disturbances and high competition levels among plants increase the effect of biological control, because high competition facilitates competitive exlusion of the target plant species. Different life-histories of plants play are also important in terms of biological control mainly the life-span and the endurance of the seed bank affect the results. Monocarpic species with short-lived seed bank can be relatively easily reduced by...
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Formation of seed yield and evaluation of health state in hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa} L.) cultivars
KUKLINA, Aleksandra
Hemp is a very usefull plant which can be grown for fiber, seeds and biomass. Although it is a plant from the group of alternative crops, and it is require more research and practical experiments. The main object of this bachelor work was focused on the formation of the yield of seeds in few varieties of hemp and the evaluation of seed quality. For the evaluating of yield formation was founded a plots field trial with 4 hemp varieties: Bialobrzeskie, Finola, Fedora 17, Fibrol. Further research on the composition of hemp seeds was continued on the varieties: Finola, Tiger, Fedora 17, USO-31 and Futura 75, obtained from a regional hemp grower. Proper choice of variety and basic agro-technology are the initial factors for successful seed yield formation. Further, in the first place as well, the density and the health status of the growth. In observing the development of the photosynthetic apparatus, there was confirmed a certain difference during the vegetation of the early and late varieties and the subsequent phenological changes of the plants. Hemp is a highly competitive crop against weeds, and no disease or pests has been, except for damage caused by birds. Yield of variety Finola was in range 2,2 1,6 t/ha. While monitoring the dry matter content of the seed, the results showed some differences and varietal influences. For example the highest amount of nitrogenous substances was found in the variety Finola (23.58%), with the lowest percentage of nitrogenous substances in the variety Tiger (21.12%). But for the correct evaluation and conclusions are required further experiments, which may be the aim of my further study.
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