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Stanovení genetické distance výchozích šlechtitelských materiálů řepky ozimé
Papanová, Michaela
Bachelor thesis is compiled from both the literature review and the practical part. The first one contains a treatise on oilseed rape and its main use. Attention is also paid to methods and history of breeding of this crop. An integral part is also an introduction to the concept of genetic distance and the importance of gene banks. The second part contains information about the research focused on determination of genetic distance in selected samples of oilseed rape by ISSR method. The results of the analysis were used to identify possible duplicates in the crop collection as well as to determine the genetic erosion of the samples. Similarly, the results can be used in the breeding itself, especially when selecting the parental components.
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New breeding techniques in crop plants
Brousková, Mariana ; Opatrný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Cvrčková, Fatima (referee)
Nowadays when human population and demand for quantity and quality of food constantly grow, there is effort to improve technologies, which are used to functioning currently agriculture. Currently spectrum of crop plants, which are available for people, is one of main basis of agriculture. This spectrum is enriched of new cultivars or new crop by classical breeding for centuries. From the end of 20th century spectrum is further expanded on gentically modified plants. However, there were distrustfulness of human society and therefore genetically modified plants were legislatively restricted about their use and cultivation. Inter alia, for these reasons effective and socially acceptable alternatives of standart GM techniques were searched. Set of methods, which was named "New breeding techniques"- NBTs, provides such benefits. This work summarizes NBTs and explains basic principles of their use.
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Determination of causal agent of ring rot of potato, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus bacteria in breeding and multiplicated materials
Pánková, Iveta ; Krejzar, Václav
The methodology includes a method of artificial infection of plants and potato tubers as a prerequisite for the study of migration and localization of the pathogen in tubers and within the plant vascular tissues, time schedule and recommended size of samples of individual parts of plants and potato tubers during the growing season, depending on external conditions and potato genotype, how to deal with samples of the plants and potato tubers prior to treatment, method of processing samples of individual plant parts and tuber depending on the detection method and the optimization of methods for detection of the pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. In compliance with the proposed methodological procedure should be interrupted vertical transmission of the pathogen in the process of breeding, the possibility of detection of the pathogen in breeding and propagation material and reduction of suspicious samples should be increased and the late positive determination of ring rot in the official phytosanitary and company checks abroad should be reduced.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. BEAUV.) suitable crop to the transformative climate in the Czech Republic
Hermuth, Jiří ; Janovská, Dagmar ; Prohasková, Anna
The global climate changes bring a lot of undesirable impacts which will influence the agricultural production in the Czech Republic in the future. Nowadays the drought risks and their impact on the agricultural production have begun to show up very strongly. One of the main solutions might be the breeding and selection of more resistant species or/and varieties which are more adaptable to lesser water availability and which are more resistant to the new climate. This paper would like to present the foxtail millet as a cereal which might be a valuable alternative for grain production as well as for biomass production in less favourable arid areas of our country.
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Potato containing a transgene for the fusion protein SPI2::GFP
Navrátil, Oldřich ; Kludkiewicz, Barbara ; Vinokurov, Konstantin ; Horáčková, V. ; Sehnal, František
Plant breeding is facing a new era, the horizons of which are determined by transition from studies of the role of individual genes in biological processes to global search for the role of genome and proteome in determination of biological processes. Thegeneral aim of the center is to utilize the potential of the functional genomics and proteomics to obtain novel information and breeding material to increase the quality of agricultural products, specifically, to improve the agronomic parameters and modifying specific properties of crop plants important not just in the Czech Republic, but also in Central Europe in general. Research will focus on increasing of (i) quality of wheat and barley corn, pea seeds and potato tubers, (ii) potato and pea resistance to pests and pathogenes, and (iii) heavy metal uptake and resistance in flux for phytoremediation.
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