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Vliv používání nákladního automobilu v zemědělství na půdní prostředí
Novák, Milan
The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine the influence of using a agri-tractor in agriculture and its impact on the environment of sandy loam soil. The influence on the pedocompact is compared when using different mechanization under operating conditi-ons. A tractor with semi-trailer and TATRA agri-tractor with semi-trailer were used for that purpose. The main point of the work is a field-laboratory experiment, on the basis of which the influence of transitions of individual ensembles on the soil is evaluated. The experi-ment was carried out in 2015 on the land farm cultivate by Agrodružstvo Blížkovice. Key indicators of soil compaction were appraised during the experiment. Within the literary research soil itself is characterized in general, as well as the issues of soil compaction and various types of transport in agriculture. The experimental part includes the methodology used, the material researched together with the measurement results and further discussion on the topic. Transport operations represent more than 50 % of the total agricultural output volu-me. Along with the intensification of agriculture and simultaneous magnification of ag-ricultural technology the problem of excessive soil compaction had begun to deepen. The soil compaction negatively affects the physical and chemical caharcteristics of soil and reduces its fertility. Agricultural equipment manufacturers have been trying to develop new mechani-zation technologies to minimize soil compaction. Considering soil compaction, the use of a tractor with semi-trailer has appeared as more suitable. Appropriate solution seems to be using special central tire inflation system or in contrast different ways of their underinflation.
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Uplatnění technologií diferencovaného zpracování půdy při pěstování kukuřice
Mytyska, Václav
The theoretical section of this thesis addresses corn characteristics and growing. Subsequently, it describes particular tillage technologies dividing them into conventional mouldboard ploughing technology, minimum tillage and introduces strip-till technology as a separate chapter. The major part describes the founding and evaluation of a 2016 field trial for study of different tillage technologies in terms of impact on silage corn growth quality, yield and physical characteristics of soil. The trial was based on five different technologies in two terms - strip tillage, ploughing and minimum tillage with two distinct tools at three depths. For trial evaluation, following parameters were observed: plant count, weight and height, dry matter content and yield and soil penetrometer resistance. The trial outcomes are commented and compared with trial results of other authors.
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Praktické využití technologie pásového zpracování půdy v zemědělském podniku
Vaňous, Jaroslav
The diploma thesis deals with the characteristics of maize, one of the most widely grown cereals in the world. Depending on the tightening of European legislation, there is an increasing emphasis on protecting soil from water erosion. For this reason, we are looking for ways to grow widescreen crops on erosion-endangered soils. One of the possibilities is to use the technology of Strip-till, which comes from North America. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the establishment of pilot-run experiments using the Strip-Till technology, their comparison with the conventional full-scale processing and evaluation of results. Finally, the economic demands of the technologies used are calculated and the results are compared with the findings of other authors. All experiments were carried out in the cadastre of the Agricultural Cooperative in Sloupnice using its own technology. The results serve the company as a feedback on the use of Strip-Till in the erosion-threatened conditions in which the farm operates.
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Hodnocení vlivu pojezdů mechanizačních prostředků na utužení půdy v meziřadí vinic =: Evaluation of the impact of mechanical means on soil compaction in vineyards. /
Klasa, Ferianc Juraj
The dissertation thesis deals with the evaluation of the influence of the movements of the mechanization devices on soil compaction in grassed and cultivated vineyard between the lines after application of graded doses of organic matter (compost). This question was verified using penetrometer measurements. For the purpose of experimentation were selected in the vineyard region of South Moravia three experimental habitats with different soil conditions (Lednice, Velké Bílovice, Mikulov). In the autumn of 2013, the application of compost to the cultivated intercooler took place in doses of 5 and 10 kg.m-2. Penetrations measurements for each experimental site were carried out in four variants (grassed between the lines, cultivated between the lines, cultivated between the lines with application of 5 kg.m-2 and cultivated between the lines with application of 10 kg.m-2). Individual measurements were performed using a Eijelkamp penetrometer, which works at an accuracy of 99.9 % and its working depth is 800 mm. At the same time, soil samples were removed to determine the current soil moisture. Based on the measurements, high values of soil compaction were found for all monitored habitats. At the same time, the positive effect of the organic mass produced in the form of compost on the total soil compaction was demonstrated, which was 20 % lower in autumn 2016 than in the autumn of 2013. The worst was the period of spring 2014 and autumn 2015. The highest values of penetrometric resistance of the soil were measured from the rule for grassed between the lines. On the contrary, the lowest values were measured for the variant of the cultivated between the lines with the application of 10 kg.m-2. The parts of the dissertation are also the results of the evaluation of pressure transmissions using the TASC program and the results of the tire imprint.
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Sledování retenční schopnosti půdy po aplikaci kompostů
Hanáková, Lenka
Thesis process water infiltration in the soil at different doses supplied compost at two sites with different soil properties. It was also a variant with one hundred tons per hectare and fifty tons per hectare monitored penetrometric soil resistance. The obtained results suggest a favorable correlation between higher doses supplied compost and reducing penetrometric resistance. Like correlations suggest a beneficial effect of incorporation of higher doses of compost on the value of infiltration.
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Variant systems growing technology of Winter rapeseed (Brassica napus, L)
Bodnárik, Jakub ; Vašák, Jan (advisor) ; Honsová, Hana (referee)
Winter rape (Brassica napus, L) is annual or biennial crop which is growing for seeds containing rape oil. This is the third world´s most important oil, which is growing. In geographically smaller part of Czech Republic we talk about winter rape as a the most important and most grown oilseed. Winter rape is represented up to 85% harvesting area of all oilseeds which is growing in Czech Republic.
When the exact parcel experiment with four replications, which was conducted in 2014/2015 season at the research station in FAPPZ in Č. Újezd, Prague - West district were monitored production and biological indicators of winter rape in autumn and at the start of spring vegetation. Differences between attempts were preparing the soil, fertilizer under the heel, the method of seeding, fertilization during growth. A comparison of the results of the fall collections of rape, it is clear that most grown plants were grown technologies, no. 2, it´s before sowing plowed land, sowing the seed drill Farmet Falcon 6. During the spring inventory of crops grown technologies, no. 2 - 4 showed comparable biological indicators, the other two stands slightly lagged. After threshing technology as the highest yielding seed technology emerged no. 3 (Farmet intensity). Conclusion of the experiment: there is no need to plow before planting, it is important to choose an appropriate method for establishing a modern stand a significant effect on seed yield should fall fertilization N.
Attempting to penetrometric soil resistance in oilseed rape crops. In season 2015/2016 was the site of the 'Triangle Left ", which manages the company AGROCOM HRUŠOVANY spol. s r.o. divided into two parts. One part was plowed before sowing, the second part being plough before sowing. Next on two parts of the land made the autumn and spring inventorying oilseed rape crop. The findings of the experiment, when the autumn sampling plants are biological indicators of rape on plough section of higher parameters. Spring inventories fell in reverse, higher parameters showed plants on a plowed section. Measurement of penetrometric soil resistivity confirmed that the land was plowed soil of lower resistance.
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