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INDICATORS OF MILK PRODUCTION AND FERTILITY BY GRAZING REARED HEIFERS
PALČISKOVÁ, Barbara
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the parameters of the milk performance, reproduction indicators and health of Holstein cows that were raised on pasture at ŠZP (School agriculture company) Haklovy Dvory. Monitoring is carried out in the years 2011 - 2013. The work involved two groups bred cows grazed in total 56. In 2012 it was 27 cows and in 2013 29 cows. The control group which was represented by 20 heifer which had been reared in stable in years 2010-2011 the number 20 Holstein cows. The evaluation of parameters was set on the first standardized lactation in the range of 240 to 305 days. Into observation of reproductive indicators was included the age of the first calving (days), insemination interval (days) and servis period (days). From the productive indicators there was the quantity of milk (kg), the content of fat in the milk (%), quantity of fat in the milk (kg), and the content of proteins.
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Analysis of the behaviour of selected categories of breeding cows
VESELÁ, Tereza
The aim of this thesis was to assess the differences in behavior of the two categories of beef cattle of Limousine breed, reared in the system without market production of milk, specifically heifers and cows with calves. Two seasons were selected (summer and winter) for the observation and the accent was on observing basic categories of behavior, such as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. The place where the research took place was the farm "Černěveský háj" located on the boundary of Strakonice, Prachatice and Budějovice district. Both behavioral studies were conducted for whole twenty-four hours. For night monitoring hunting camera with programmable video recording was used. The recorded data were written to the ethogram using descriptive interval method with length of interval of 10 minutes. During both observations the fundamental rules of ethology were respected. Traced values were evaluated by absolute time, its percentage and frequency and were subsequently completed with appropriate description. The results from this ethological research of heifers and cows with calves during two different seasons show that older cows have more regular and more keep basic categories of behavior during the day and more extend their regular behavior even throughout the year. Older subjects are able to make better use of pasture than heifers and address to it more time of the day (40% resp. 35%). During consummation of preserved feed ration heifers shortened their feed intake compared to cows (39% resp. 31%). By heifers there was also significant movement restriction, but to a lesser extent than in the case of cows. At the same time heifers prolonged period of rest from 33% to 50%. In conclusion, the obtained results show that the area in which the cows are kept is suitable for raising beef cattle without market production of milk. The breeder could only focus more on supplementing of graze with elements supporting natural welfare of beef cattle in year-round grazing.
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The evaluation of productive and reproductive indicators by grazing reared heifers
PALČISKOVÁ, Barbara
On the school farm were selected a total of 33 heifers, 13 heifers, pasture bred heifers and 20 team-bred manner. For these two groups was observed fertility (age at first calving, insemination interval, service period) and milk yield (kg of milk, fat content in%, the amount of fat in kg,% protein content and protein in kg). Age at first calving was bred heifers on pasture lower, because the naturally% higher pregnancy rate than that of insemination. The positive effect of grazing is observed only for insemination interval was shorter in the pasture bred heifers. However, the achieved value of service period was favorable for the stable breeding heifers bred. Milk production (kg) was found higher in cows bred the stable breeding. The same was true even in the amount of fat (kg) and protein (kg), as a result of higher milk production overall. The percentage of fat and protein in milk was found almost no difference. The results come from a small set of heifers and objective assessment would be appropriate to verify this in order to discuss the impact of grazing on production and reproductive performance.
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