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Výživa dojnic na vybrané farmě
KORECKÁ, Aneta
This bachelor thesis focuses on dairy cow nutrition, housing technology, health and milking levels in pastoral farming in Ireland. A monitoring and evaluation method was chosen to address the issue and evaluate the information found. The monitoring was carried out over a two month period during the period of peak performance of the dairy cows. In the first part of the paper a literature review is presented. On farm, it was found that pasture rearing has an effect on lower dairy cow performan-ce. Nutrition here is provided by grazing or clover silage and pelleted supplementa-ry feed, which supplies balanced nutrients and minerals and vitamins not contained in the crop. The BSC was at a lower value. The main finding was deficiencies in milk hygiene.
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Výkrm býků pastevním způsobem v ekologickém zemědělství
OULICKÝ, Radovan
The aim of the bachelor thesis was the analysis of meat performance of the herd of fattened bulls containing the majority of the Aberdeen Angus RED form. The fattening took place at 850-950 m a.s.l. in the organic farming regime. The set of bulls consisted of 23 bulls kept on the private farm. From the group of fattened bulls data about feeding quality and carcass values were obtained. The average live weight of weaned calves was 297 kg with the average age of seven months. The average slaughter weight of slaughter animals was 634 kg and the average carcass weight was 349 kg and the average carcass yield was 54 %. Significant differences were found within gains between the winter season and the grazing period when in the first winter period after weaning the daily gain was 0.36 kg per day and in the first grazing period was 0.66 kg per day. During the second winter period bulls reached the average gain of 0.45 kg per day and during the second grazing period of 0.64 kg per day.
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Survey of parasitoses in beef cattle from two geographical areas of the Czech Republic
Kubelka, Lukáš ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Vadlejch, Jaroslav (referee)
Research in this diploma thesis was focused on monitoring of the beef cattle parasites and periodically was done from April 2015 to November 2015 on three different farms in two different regions (Vysočina and Středočeský region) in the Czech Republic. 20 samples of fresh faeces were collected every month from each farm during morning. Processing and consequent evaluation of samples took place in parasitology laboratory at State Veterinary Institute in Jihlava. Samples were evaluated using a relatively new coprological technique FLOTAC, developed in Italy and recommended for parasitological qualitative and quantitative analysis of large farm animal eggs and oocysts. For each farm two pooled samples (10 g each) by subtracting 1 g of faeces from individual samples were used. Results were evaluated and statistically analysed by statistical software Statistica 13. There was occurrence of eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes (family Trichostrongylidae), tapeworms (Moniezia spp.) and oocysts of coccidia (Eimeria spp.) on all of the farms. Only on the farm 3 there was also occurrence of fluke eggs (Paramphistomum spp.). From the results it was evident, that farms that administered anthelmintic to livestock had significantly lower amounts of EPG/OPG in animal faeces. Despite of using pooled samples, method proved to be reliable and sensitive for monitoring of developing stages of livestock parasites. Even low amount of eggs or oocysts in animal faeces were detected by coprological technique FLOTAC.
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Vliv chodu počasí na ekonomiku chovu skotu v podhorských oblastech
SVOBODA, Pavel
This thesis is focused on assessing the impact of weather changes on the performance and economics of grazing cattle in the border areas of south Bohemia. The aim of the study was to compare the progress of meteorological parameters observed in three years and put them into the context of the economy of livestock production. In the actual experimental part I focused on the search and processing of data for calculation of economic indicators and processing of meteorological data that provided me with the department of landscape management.
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Use of ethology in breeding beef cattle herds in organic farming
LEVOROVÁ, Silvie
The aim of this thesis was to obtain and evaluate information from behavioural monitoring of beef cattle herd (cows, bull, calves) reared in the suckler system in the year-round grazing. The beef herd situated in the Pilsen region near Přeštice and is owned by private breeder was chosen for observation. Basic herd consisted of 20 cows with calves and one Charolais sire. There were three ethological observations, two observations in 2014 and one observation in 2015, duration of observations was 24 hours. The course of each category of behaviour was recorded by interval group method with interval length of 5 minutes. Activities as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. It was also reported comfort, sexual and maternal behaviour within the herd. The longest period of cows feed intake was recorded at the end of the grazing season (30.56% of the day, i.e. 7.33 hours). In contrast, feed intake took cattle in the winter months only 28.31% of the day (6.8 hours). Values in the standing category were not substantially different during the year. The longest standing time in the spring and autumn (5.97 hours respectively. 5.95 hours), standing time in the winter was shortened to 5.56 hours. Locomotion activity of animals in the spring reached 7.78%, i.e. 1.87 hour and due to the fact that cattle was still fed hay, but also first low vegetation started to grow in some areas and animals on its wintering actively sought it. In contrast, in the autumn the value was only 2.43%, i.e. 0.58 hours of the day due to sufficient suitable pasture. In the winter due to bad weather conditions, the value also decreased to 7.8%, i.e. 1.88 hours of the day. The longest representation of rest category in form of laying was recorded in the herd in autumn at level of 10.13 hours of the day (i.e. 40.22% of the day). In the spring rest category took 9.00 hours (i.e. 37.48%). The form of animal husbandry at the farm was in correspondence with the natural biorhythms of the animals and allowed them to freely demonstrate natural instincts and behaviour. Based on the findings it is possible to judge that the system of suckler beef herds is useful in terms of ensuring animal welfare and Charolais breed is exercisable under those conditions.
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Sexual behaviour of bulls in natural breeding
GOUBEJOVÁ, Jaroslava
The aim of this thesis was to capture basic categories of behaviour and sexual behaviour of bulls in natural breeding, acquire and evaluate data from behavioural observations. The observations were realized in the village Obora u Tachova and were focused on a pedigree bull of a breed called Limousine (ZLI 796) and a herd of 26 breeding-cows, crossbreed beef cattle which are reared in the system of cows without market production of milk. The observations were made during the period from March 2013 till March 2014. The pedigree bull was in the herd of cows classified year-round. Monitoring with subsequent recording from the observations was performed whenever there was a breeding-cow in the herd and was discovered by a regular inspection of the herd observer. The snapshot method was used for the observations with the length of an interval of 5 minutes. From the ethological observation it emerged that the category of lying influences sexual behaviour of the bull towards to a breeding-cow the most. The value decreased from 15.97%, which was recorded in case of no breeding-cow in the herd, to 11.87 % in case of one breeding-cow in the herd and, if there were more breeding-cows the value fell to 2,51 %. For the category called movement, the value increased from 12.50 % to 16.03 % in case of one breeding-cow and when there were more breeding-cows, the value increased to 22.17 %. Sexual behaviour of the bull has only a low effect on feed intake, which was always held on the level of 47 % and the category called stall which was in case of no breeding-cow and one breeding-cow 24 %. For more breeding-cows the values increased to 27%. It was found out that the length of a movement extends at the expense of lying. The number of failed attempts to copulate the bull with one breeding-cow decreased from 17.91 experiments to 12.22 experiments with two or three breeding-cows. In case of successful copulations, the value increased from the original 5.73 copulations with one breeding-cow in the herd to 6.56 copulations with the average number of successful copulations 3.11 per one copulation. The highest intensity of copulation passed off in the morning between 8 a.m. to 10 a.m., the second peak occurred around 5 p. m. in the afternoon. The success rate of the bull in the herd of the breeding-cows, where there was only one breeding-cow, was 81.82 %. The success rate of the bull in the herd of breeding-cows, where there were two or three breeding-cows, was 72.73 %. The total fertility of the bull reached to 91.30 %.
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Behaviors in beef cattle in the intermediate
VESELÁ, Tereza
The aim of this thesis was to obtain and evaluate information from behavioural monitoring of beef cattle herd raised in the system without market milk production in the year-round grazing. The behaviour was recorded using interval descriptive method with the length of the interval 10 minutes. The monitoring showed that the feed intake was most intensive in spring (54 %) and the lowest feed intake in winter (39 %). The movement of the cows in spring and winter does not exceed 7% of the day. The biggest movement was registered in summer (12 %). The above findings were compared with data obtained from other authors and theirs researches. The achieved results show that this farming method is very suitable for ecological and aesthetic use of grasslands and doesn't affect the natural behaviour of animals and contributes to improve their welfare.
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