|
|
The parasitoid community of two microlepidopteran species living on hops
Hovorka, Tomáš ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Libra, Martin (referee)
Interactions between parasitoids, phytophagous insects and their host plants play one of the crucial role in the trophic relationships of terrestrial food webs. According to current knowledge, more than half of all known terrestrial species are part of this food web (parasitoids- herbivores-plants). In many species of herbivore hosts, interactions with parasitoids have led to the evolution and diversification of different defense strategies. An example of a primary defense strategy against predators and parasitoids is the formation of shelters such as leaf mines, leaf cocoons or galls. These strategies are a key factor influencing the composition of the parasitoid community. In this thesis, the complex of parasitoids in two microlepidopteran species with different life strategies living on hops (Humulus lupulus) was investigated. The caterpillars of Caloptilia fidella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) first mine within leaves of hops, later, when they start to feed exophagously, they create leaf rolls and cocoons on the outer surface of the leaf. Caterpillars of the species Cosmopterix zieglerella (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) remain in the mine throughout their larval development. The obtained parasitoids were identified both based on morphology and with the help of two gene fragments, namely CO1 and...
|
|
|
Škůdci hrachu při ekologickém a konvenčním pěstování
Matějková, Lucie
Occurrence of pests has been investigated in the district Vyškov on organically and conventionally grown pea in 2013. Monitoring of insects was carried from May to July using pheromone traps, sticky boards and check of plants. 13 590 individuals were determined on the organic, 6608 on the conventional plot. Acyrthosiphon pisum was the most numerous pest (10 811, 4335 individuals). Parasitism reached 67.5% on the organic plot. Other pests findings on organic and conventional plots were Aphis fabae (70, 88), Kakothrips robustus (1403, 316), Odontothrips confusus (251, 0), Autographa gamma (12, 12), Cecidomyidae (97, 191), Anthomyidae (0, 327). Other phytophagous species (350, 967), predators (159, 66), parasitoids (21, 7), decomposers (1, 17), pollinators (4, 2) and Cyclorrhapha of unknown significance (441, 280) were registered to organic and conventional plots.
|
|
|
Use of macroorganisms and microorganisms in biological control of aphids
BOŠKA, David
Aphids are one of the most important species of pests, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. Aphids are harmful mainly by sucking, honeydew production and transmitting hundreds of viral diseases. The most important greenhouse aphids occurring in the Czech Republic are the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Their danger lies in the rapid development cycle, when there is a rapid increase in populations. Despite the great damage they cause, aphids are very defenceless and small insect with a large number of naturally occurring enemies. The most important natural enemies are predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. In the biological control of plants against aphids, the predator ladybeetles (Coccinellidae), lacewings (Chrysopidae) and the aphidophagous gall midge (Aphidoletes aphidimyza) are mainly used. In the nature, aphids are also regulated by hoverflies (Syrphidae). The most important aphid parasitoids are mainly the parasitic wasps Aphidius colemani, Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis. From the microorganisms, the polyphagous entomopathogenic fungi are used, they cause primary infections in several species of pests. From the microorganisms, entomopathogenic fungi are mainly entomopathogenic fungi that can attack polyphagous more species of harmful organisms. The bioproducts based on entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea are available on the foreign market. They were developed for biological control against aphids and other pests.
|
|
|
Změny biologie klíněnky jírovcové (Cameraria ohridella) po 20 letech invaze
Ďatková, Henrieta
The horse-chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić, 1986 (Lepidopterans: Gracillariidae) is nonindigenous species in the Czech and Slovak Republic. Its caterpillars mine in leaves of horse chestnut trees Aesculus hippocastanum, which is grown as an ornamental plant, and cause drying off and premature leaf abscission. The goal of the bachelor thesis was to determine flight activity of horse chestnut leafminer, to set the extend of its parasitation and define the damage intensity of horse chestnut trees. Observation took place in 2016 in three study areas in Czech and Slovak Republic: in arboretum of Mendel University in Brno, on the grounds of Jan Amos Komenský dormitory and in the town of Čadca. To determine the flight activity pheromone trap was used, the parasitation was measured by trapping parasitoids (Ichneumonoidea, Chalcidoidea) hatching from pupae overwintering in abscised leaves. The intensity of horse chestnut damage was determined from 15 June to 17 June according to the number of mines on six of the trees, 60 leaves from each tree. The first imago was observed on 25 April and the last adults 3 October. Greatest abundance was discovered in the third generation by the beginning of September (9 Sept.). All of the evaluated leaves were infested. There were 1.8-15.3 mines on each leaf in average. The highest damage intensity of horse chestnut trees leaves was on the premises of Jan Amos Komenský dormitory in Brno, 88.34 % of leaves were strongly damaged. 8.25% parasitization was discovered in pupae of overwintering generation.
|
|
| |
|
|
Spektrum škůdců a jejich antagonistů v okrasné a užitkové zahradě
Egriová, Sabina
In the growing season in 2016 there was in Petřvald u Karviné observed the presence of harmful and beneficial insects in ornamental and productive garden in a regular two-week intervals. There were defined three study areas in the garden, according to cultivated plants: ornamental plants, vegetables and orchard. Insects were monitored using colored bowls and pitfall traps. The best way of trapping insects are epigeic ground traps. Colorful bowls are most advantageous to monitor the occurrence of flying insects. There were observed abundance and representation of the trophic groups of insects. Caught total 2,917 individuals from 10 insect orders and 52 families. From the trophic point of view there were 720 phytophages, 1746 predators and parasitoids and 290 saprophage.
|
|
|
Škůdci hrachu při ekologickém a konvenčním pěstování
Matějková, Lucie
Occurrence of pests has been investigated in the district Vyškov on organically and conventionally grown pea in 2013. Monitoring of insects was carried from May to July using pheromone traps, sticky boards and check of plants. 13 590 individuals were determined on the organic, 6608 on the conventional plot. Acyrthosiphon pisum was the most numerous pest (10 811, 4335 individuals). Parasitism reached 67.5% on the organic plot. Other pests findings on organic and conventional plots were Aphis fabae (70, 88), Kakothrips robustus (1403, 316), Odontothrips confusus (251, 0), Autographa gamma (12, 12), Cecidomyidae (97, 191), Anthomyidae (0, 327). Other phytophagous species (350, 967), predators (159, 66), parasitoids (21, 7), decomposers (1, 17), pollinators (4, 2) and Cyclorrhapha of unknown significance (441, 280) were registered to organic and conventional plots.
|
|
| |
guest ::
