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The influences of biotic interactions on population biology of Sanguisorba officinalis
Větvičková, Anna ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jičínská, Jana (referee)
Plants can interact with many different organisms on many trophic levels in their life. In this thesis I investigated how three biotic inertactions, powdery mildew infection, caused by Podosphaera ferruginea, predispersal seed predation by Dusky Large Blue (Phengaris nausithous) and Scarce Large Blue (P. teleius) and deer grazing affect life cycle and population biology of the Great Burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.). I also analysed their preferences of environmental conditions. Most of studied plant populations growth rates (λ) were lower than 1 and population decreased, but quite surprisingly for more populations vegetative reproduction was more important than reproduction by seeds. All intraction mentioned above affects more generative reproduction, and thus their influence on Great Burnet population dynamics is low, even with modelled maximal possible effect. Environment conditions analysis showed that powdery mildew occurs on sites with more flowering individuals, where spreading is very easy, butterflies preferred high, well noticeable flower heads grown high above other vegetation and host ant presence. For host ants' presence model locality was only significant variable.
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Šlechtitelský potenciál historických odrůd jádrovin
Reichlová, Petra
Modern varieties of pome-fruit lost during breeding some important properties, such as resistance to pathogens or tolerance to worse climatic conditions. Therefore, attention of breeders turns to some old varieties and landraces, which lost its market significance, but which can still offer a wide range of properties useful in breeding of new varieties. The apple breeding aims are focused on locating and obtaining donors of genes for resistance to Venturia inaequalis (causingapple scab), Podosphaera leucotricha (powdery mildew), Erwinia amylovora (fire blight) and Candidatus Phytoplasma mali (apple proliferation). Pear breedingis focused on finding a suitable donors of resistance to Venturia pirina (pear scab), Gymnosporangium sabinae (pear rust), Erwinia amylovora (fire blight). Landraces (local varieties) were often grown under the severe climatic conditions. Over the years they get their adaptability for the environment conditions. Adaptation to these conditions, especially resistance to frost, are one of the characteristics used in breeding.
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Rezistentní odrůdy jabloní a jejich využití ve výsadbách
Kubaláková, Vendula
It has been conducted a comparison between a set of 20 selected apple genotypes cultivated in The research and breeding institute of pomology in Holovousy Ltd. and a check sample of 'Golden Delicious' variety. The survey took its place at the experimental and demonstration area of the school farm in Žabčice at The department of breeding and propagation of horticultural plants of Faculty of horticulture of Mendel university of agriculture and forestry in Brno in 2013 and 2014. Growth marks, genotypes sensitivity to mould -- apple scab (caused by Venturia ineaqualis (Cke) Wint) and powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. et Ev.) Salm.) were evaluated. The nine-level scale had been used as an assessment tool. There has also been done an evaluation of harvesting marks and formation of fertile units. The evaluation of growth marks included the length and the number of tree rings. It has shown that the most sensitive genotypes to apple scab were HL 237 and HL 701 E. However, the genotype HL 1749 was the toughest. The most sensitive genotypes to powdery mildew were HL 1167 and HL 1122, whereas the toughest were HL 1651 and HL 1754. The evaluation of harvesting marks included the weight and the number of pieces of fruit, and organoleptic properties. The generative area (a number of florets) was evaluated in spring 2014.
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Netradiční ovocné dřeviny a jejich ochrana
Bednářová, Jana
Malfunctions, lesions and diseases on uncommon fruit trees was observed in the ŠZP Žabčice from April to October 2013. As the most important bacterial disease has been detected fire blight of the quince. Several sea-buckthorns died from multifactorial causes. There was incidence of powdery mildew and brown leaf spot on the Amelanchier, varieties of the A. alnifolia were more affected by leaf spot, while the varieties of the A. lamarckii had a significantly higher incidence of powdery mildew. On the rowan there was recorded scab and viral infection on the few trees. The minimum symptoms of diseases occurred on the dogwood, mulberry and rose. No symptoms of diseases were observed on medlar, but it was affected by chlorosis. Principles for the protection is correct agrotechnik and regular removal of infected and damaged parts of the trees. Chemical protection is needed for a quince and a juneberry. Keywords: dogwood, rowan, quince, medlar, mulberry, juneberry (Amelanchier), sea-buckthorn, Rosa villosa, fire blight, powdery mildew.
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