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Fire as an alternative way of the landscape management
Maximov, Fedor ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Adámek, Martin (referee)
Prescribed burning is a method that has been used since prehistoric times to keep unforested areas. In pastures, fire was used to remove dead biomass, return nutrients to the soil and improve forage quality, as well as to convert forests fields to a shifting agriculture. The abandonment of burning in the last century has led to an accumulation of plant biomass in the landscape. This, combined with global warming, is now creating the threat of dangerous fires. In 2022, controlled burning was allowed in the Czech Republic as a way of managing habitats that are at risk of becoming woodland without proper management. Rare heliophilous plant and animal species are tied to them. It would therefore be advisable to reintroduce this management method, together with monitoring and control of its effects on species and communities. The aim of this backelor thesis is to summarise the existing knowledge about prescribed burning in Europe. It also describes how controlled burning affects the dynamics of dry grasslands and heathlands. The main focus is on attributes of controlled burning that can be used to maintain selected habitats. Keywords: fire, vegetation, landscape management, succession
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The goat breeding on the organic farm
JIRMANNOVÁ, Kristýna
The management of goat breeding, animal welfare and the influence of goat breeding on landscape are the main aims of my bachelor thesis. The other aims are as follows: basic information about parameters of goat production, processing and market of bio-products, economy of goat breeding and subsidies in goat breeding. The goat breeding was monitoring at the Slunečná organic farm in the Šumava Mountains. The results were interpreted on the basis of the study of special literature and legislation about organic farming and ethology of goats. The data set of goat herd daily regime on farm was created. Winter daily regime and summer daily regime were compared. The conditions of goat breeding were then compared with requirements of legal rules in the Czech Republic and in the EU. The physiological and ethological needs of animals are satisfactory. It is due to modern technologies for stabling, milking, slaughtering and another handling with animals. Goats have the possibility to graze freely on pastures and they effect positively on the landscape management. They keep grasslands without woody plants and weeds.
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