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The effect of a predator occurrence on vigilance of tits visiting the winter feeder
Tichá, Irena ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis evaluates the vigilance parameters of two species of tits affected by the presence of a predator in wintertime. During preferential experiments, tits have had a choice of two feeders in the vicinity of the installed dummy predator. For that purpose was used a dummy sparrowhawk, incomplete or occluded sparrowhawk torsos, and harmless pigeon. It is known that the tits are able to recognize dangerousness presented by the dummy, and according to expected risk dare to visit one of the feeders. It leads to a question whether the tits are somehow influenced by the presence of the dummies, and if so, how specifically are they influenced. It turned out, that the tits in presence of a dangerous dummy significantly increased their vigilance. Both observed species at the feeders behave oppositely. Behaviour of all the birds at the feeder is also affected by their total count at the precise moment and by the presence of a dummy at the other feeder.
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Waterfowl and human disturbace
Klaudisová, Lucie ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
The movement of people in the countryside has considerably changed in recent decades. A man occurs in places where he previously didn't and do things that previously couldn't do. It is for example about the rapid growth of ecotourism and various kinds of sports, from water sports to sports hunting or increased traffic. Waterbirds are for their size and way of life easy target for finders of binoculars and cameras. Effect of these on numbers, distribution and behaviour of waterbirds, it is not in the interest of mentioned people. Education, training and implementation of various conservation or restrictive measures, is often the only way how to protect the birds from negative human impact. Currently there are many researches focusing on the impact of different types of human disturbance. There arise any recommendations how to reduce the impact of these activities. Examples of different types of disturbance and its effect on water birds as well as its effect on animals during recurring activities are summarized in this study.
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The effect of a predator occurrence on vigilance of tits visiting the winter feeder
Tichá, Irena ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis evaluates the vigilance parameters of two species of tits affected by the presence of a predator in wintertime. During preferential experiments, tits have had a choice of two feeders in the vicinity of the installed dummy predator. For that purpose was used a dummy sparrowhawk, incomplete or occluded sparrowhawk torsos, and harmless pigeon. It is known that the tits are able to recognize dangerousness presented by the dummy, and according to expected risk dare to visit one of the feeders. It leads to a question whether the tits are somehow influenced by the presence of the dummies, and if so, how specifically are they influenced. It turned out, that the tits in presence of a dangerous dummy significantly increased their vigilance. Both observed species at the feeders behave oppositely. Behaviour of all the birds at the feeder is also affected by their total count at the precise moment and by the presence of a dummy at the other feeder.
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Antipredation behaviour of meercats (Suricata suricatta) in the group kept in ZOO Jihlava.
ZÍTKOVÁ, Jana
Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) is a mongoose species from South Africa. Insects are the primary food sources of their diet. Meerkat lives in groups of 2?30 individuals with a developed social structure. The group consists of a dominant pair and a different number of helpers of both sexes, which are involved in various forms of cooperation, for example care for cubs, guard service and maintaince of burrow. Meerkats are at risk of predation by mammalian predators, avian predators and snakes. One meerkat always seems to be a sentry and stands guard to keep the gang safe. When the guard senses danger they give a warning bark and the other members run for cover into their burrow. This study was done from June to September 2011 in zoo in Jihlava on a group of meerkats, which consisted of 13 individuals. There was used the method of direct observation by a scanning behaviour (behaviour sampling). Observation was specialized on sentinel behaviour. The main aim of this work was evaluate the results of observation and then compare this results with behaviour in the wild. By monitoring was demonstrably found, that dominant individuals contributed to guarding more frequently and the longest time and the juveniles contributed at least. There wasn´t set order in guarding. The most often was individually guarding or guarding in a group of 2 or 3 individuals.
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