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Muscle imbalance in students of physiotherapy
ČURDOVÁ, Aneta
The muscle imbalance is a phenomenon which was first described by professor Janda. Some muscles have a tendency to shorten themselves, others to loose strength. The consequence of these tendencies is a formation of imbalances which may negatively affect motion senses as well as a whole motion apparatus. Predisposing the formation of muscle dysbalance is predestined by the superiority of tonic or phase fibers in the individual muscle groups. The disruption of coordination between muscles can lead to a formation of problems with motoric apparat. Postural changes and functioning problems can be deepened with lowering of deep stabilization as well as with inappropriate ergonomics. The physiotherapist often deals with patient's muscle imbalances, but that doesn't mean he can avoid the formation of these imbalances in his own body. The physical requirement for this kind of job demands the right ergonomics of work which lowers the risks. The advantage of physiotherapist is in his theoretical and practical knowledge, which he can apply on his own body, balance the muscle groups in his body and thus eliminate the risk of formation of functional problems and painful conditions. The main goal of this work was to map the occurrence of muscle imbalances in the selected group of students of the physiotherapy. The second goal was to suggest some precautions that would help to avoid the functional problems caused by the muscle imbalances. The study was focused on students of the first year of the physiotherapy discipline on the South Bohemia University. There were 37 participants from whom there were 33 women and 4 men. Due to the specific focus on the muscle imbalances the only muscles that were examined were shortened muscles and weakened muscles in connection with the quality of involvement into the motion stereotypes and also hypermobility. Due to the fact that muscle imbalances and functional disorders are closely related to the quality of the stabilization system and breath there was also evaluated the breathing stereotype and the ability to activate the diaphragm. The occurrence of the painful areas in muscles was mapped by the palpation examination. The students were asked targeted questions in order to find out if any of them had regular problems with for example backache, knees and so on and if they had an accident or underwent a surgery of the motion system. The students were also asked about the sports activity, if they do these sports on regular basis and which kind of sports they do specifically. For a complete evaluation of the student's endurance they were marked with the BMI index, the WHR index and the Ruffier index. In almost all cases there were some sorts of imbalances. In the evaluation of the upper body imbalances (upper crossed syndrome to be exact) there were only 2 students who didn't have this dysbalance. On the contrary there were 10 students with all sorts of imbalances and thus the upper cross syndrome was proved. In the evaluation of the lower body imbalances (lower crossed syndrome) all students had some kind of dysbalance, but there were only three students with proven lower cross syndrome. From the evaluation of the breathing types and diaphragm tests was proven that only eight students can activate diaphragm and diaphragmatic breathing. Due to positive occurrence of some kind of muscle imbalances in every student's body it was recommended to accept some sort of precautions. But these precautions can't be used universally, because every combination of different imbalances requires individual approach. This work can be used by professionals as well as by students of physiotherapy. This work can also be extended by another research which would compare the results with, for example, the occurrence of imbalances in higher classes of physiotherapy or in another discipline.
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Findings effect of specific kinetic activities in formation habit of correct body posture at primary school in Jindřichův Hradec
MARKESOVÁ, Jitka
The diploma thesis deals with determination the influence of targeted motion activity on formation the right body holding habit in primary school pupils (teenagers). The research was realized at 2nd primary school in Jindřichův Hradec among the pupils in the 7th grade. The aim of the research was to compile an experimental as well as a control group. Within these groups an entrance examination in a form of standardized functional tests for the body holding appraisal and finding out the shortening and weakening the muscles was accomplished. Subsequently, an exercise programme for supporting the right body holding and elimination of muscle unbalance for the period of 6 weeks was put together. Afterwards, a final appraisal of the experimental and the control group was accomplished (the identical with the entrance one). When comparing the entrance and final examination we found out that within the experimental group all the monitored parameters improved. There was no positive change of monitored parameters within the control group that was not involved in the exercise programme.
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Investigation postural function of children older school age at primary school in České Budědovice and Jindřichův Hradec
MARKESOVÁ, Radka
The diploma thesis deals with the examination of postural functions in pupils (11-15 years old) at chosen primary schools. There were two primary schools (Baarova in České Budějovice and 2nd primary school in Jindřichův Hradec) involved in the research. Standardized test were used for finding out the quality of the body to appraise the figure according to Jaroš and Lomíček and evaluating of body holding according to Matthias, functional tests of muscles that tend to be shortened and weaken. We expected the incidence of bad body holding and muscle unbalance in 30 % of the tested people within the intentionally chosen group. The research group achieved better results in the period given.
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Analysis of physical education at primary and secondary schools from the standpoint of physiotherapy.
MAŤÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
Lack of physical activity is a dominant part of current lifestyle. It results in many lifestyle diseases and is the primary cause of posture disorders in schoolchildren. In particular, of all the long term problems monitored by physicians, the third most significant are those of motoric functions, following behind allergic deceases and sensory defects. The bachelor thesis "Analysis of PE at the primary and secondary schools from the standpoint of physiotherapy" consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part focuses on information about lifestyle, the effect of regular physical activity on our body and which diseases can be prevented or reduced through regular exercise. Furthermore there is a chapter concerning the anatomy of a child's motoric apparatus, of the postural function, the motoric ontogenesis, basic motoric abilities in the early age and the psychological factors of children's sport activities. Achieved results are presented in the practical part. Both quality and quantity research strategies were used for the evaluation. Data collection was carried out by testing 18 pupils at primary and secondary schools and by analysing the educational programmes of 9 primary and 12 secondary schools in Mlada Boleslav. The research took place in Spring 2012. The aim of this study was to find out whether the PE concept at primary and secondary schools is satisfactory and sufficient for the maintenance of certain mobility and agility levels. Three hypotheses were set. The H1-hypothesis assumed that PE at primary schools only took place twice a week, this hypothesis was confirmed. The H2-hypothesis, which supposed that PE at secondary schools only took place twice a week, was also confirmed. However, based on the data found, it was not possible to confirm the H3-hypothesis, which assumed that primary schools do not sufficiently develop after-school sport activities. Abdominal muscles, lower back spinal muscles and gluteus muscles proved to be the most frequently weakened muscle groups. Evaluating which age group has the least problems with shortened and weakened muscles, it is unambiguously year 1 girls at secondary schools. With respect to the obtained results, it would be appropriate to pay more attention to the PE concept and after-school exercise activities, emphasise exercise during school breaks and integrate stretching exercises also into regular classes, especially for the 7-11 age group, when the biggest increase in faulty posture habits occurs.
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The influence of kinetic activity on correct body posture
MÍKOVÁ, Jiřina
Purpose of my graduation thesis is to find out the influence of a targeted physical activity upon formation of a correct posture habit by pupils of sekunda and tercie at a multiannual high school Česko-anglické gymnázium in České Budějovice. There were 34 probands participating in the research and devided into two groups, experimental and checking, where as both groups counted 17 probands. Both groups were put under an entering test that analysed posture according to Jaroš and Lomíček, shuttle run 4 x 10 metres, which specially tests fitness, and tests for shortened and weakened muscles. Classes of health PE with the experimental group took place under my leading in the following six weeks. The checking group continued with ordinary PE according to the school curriculum under leading of it{\crq}s school teacher. After aforesaid six weeks took place a check out measurement idetical with the entering test. In the entering test 88% of pupils in experimental group had correct posture and 12% had poor posture while 94% pupils of the checking group had correct posture and 6% had poor posture. After six weeks of exercising with the experimental group had 94% of pupils in the check out test correct posture and 6% had excellent posture. 88% of the checking group had in the check out test correct posture and 12% had poor posture. The outcomes displayed that it is possible to improve a posture habit under an influence of a targeted physical activity.
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