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Posouzení erozního ohrožení vybraných svahů na území obce Nalžovské Hory
MAREŠ, František
Erosion is a natural phenomena that occurs at different scales in the vast majority of the world. This thesis deals with water erosion in cadastral territory of town Na-lžovské Hory in district Klatovy. In the first part, concept of erosion is described as well as its emergence, causes, effects and protection of the soil by suitable erosion control measures and the specific legislation of the Czech Republic. In the second part of the thesis, selected lands at risk of erosion are assesed according to the information on the LPIS application, followed by using soil erosion calculator to determine appropriate erosion control measures and proper sowing procedures.
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Plevele ozimé pšenice a střídání plodin
Kosík, Pavel
The effect of crop rotation on actual weed infestation The aim of the thesis is to evaluate crop rotation on winter wheat weed infestation. Observations were performed at the field trial Žabčice (department of Mendel University Brno ) experimental sites. For year experiment (2015-2016) we used the arithmetic method and Statistica.CZ software for the statistical processing and evaluation of the individual plants and species. To determine the impact of followed factors on individual weed species, the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) with redundand and canonical correspondence analysis, (CCA) were applied. The crop rotation greatly affects weed infestation and has a potential to reduce weed infestation in crops.
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Návrh optimalizace zemědělské výroby v podniku ZEMOS, a. s.
Klempová, Michaela
This thesis has the goal of finding optimal structure of production in the agricul-tural company ZEMOS, a.s. The work focuses on assessing the possibility of using mathematical models, which serving as a tool to aid support in optimizing the crop structure and livestock production in the chosen Agriculture company. The aim is to suggest suitable optimization tools for crop planning and livestock pro-duction structure. The thesis output is a so called stochastic models in order to maximize profits and minimize costs. Optimization is implemented by multiple criteria, taking into account the effect of grants on decision-making.
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Vliv vybraných pěstitelských opatření na plevele v porostech ozimé pšenice
Kosík, Pavel
The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of different soil cultivation, crop rotation and year on winter wheat weed infestation. Weed observation was monitored at a field trial station in Ivanovice na Hané. The calculation method was used, the number of individuals was measured on an area of 1 m2. The evaluation was carried out during the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. Statistic processing and evaluation of the number of individuals of all species in winter wheat stands was used by the computer program Statistica.Cz. Multidimensional analyzes of ecological data by DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) segmental analysis were used to determine the effect of the observed factors on individual weed species occurring in field trials. Further, redundancy and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used. In conclusion, we can say that all observed technologies and crop rotation processes have an impact on weed infestation and the right technology is chosen, and not only the weed infestation but also the need for herbicides can be significantly reduced by balanced crop rotation. Another important factor that cannot be influenced, however, is the influence of the year, mainly due to the amount and distribution of rainfall during the year, when competitively stronger weed plants gain advantage in drier periods, when the shallow root system of grains can not sufficiently supply water with plants.
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Strategie minimalizace výskytu patogenů v klasech pšenice
Jurčík, Milan
The proposed work aims to describe the agents causing diseases of winter wheat, and their elimination strategies. The initial part is dedicated to the significance, division, traditional and less traditional types of utilization growing, and wheat characteristics. This part is followed by information on production and growing areas in the Czech Republic during the last decade. Furthermore, the significance of the genetic factor for the yield formation process of wheat is described and so are the key grain quality parameters. Resistance of wheat varieties to pathogens based on genetic resistances as well as resistance-promoting passive mechanisms (type of flowering, spike density and plant height) is mentioned. Moreover, agrotechnical measures ensuring elimination of pathogens occurrence in stands (seed quality, forecrop, soil processing, sowing time and depth, nutrition and health condition, choice of fungicide and the time and method of its application) are specified. The majority of the paper focuses on diseases that damage wheat spike and the causing agents of these diseases, including proposed strategies of their elimination in stands.
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Vyhodnocení ztráty půdy vodní erozí ve vybraném území
Teplý, Lukáš
Diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of threats on agriculture land by water erosion in the cadastral area of village Čikov before and after proposing of counter – erosion measures. For the calculation of erosion was used Universal equation (USLE) according to Wischmeier and Smith. The analytical operations leading to the calculation individual factors Universal equation and average long-term loss of soil by water erosion were made using the software ArcGIS, USLE2D and LS – Converter. Partial analysis are presented in the form of map outputs. In the interest area, after the calculating of the USLE, it was found that on 30,39 ha occurs very strong erosion which represents 4,73 % of the solved area. Strong erosion occurs on 36,56 ha (5,68 %), medium erosion on 229,94 ha (35,75 %) and slight erosion on 346,33 ha (53,84 %). Thanks to the proposed counter – erosion measures, very strong erosion in the interest area was completely eliminated. Strong erosion was reduced to only 2,52 ha (0,39 %) and medium erosion to 74,79 ha (11,58 %). Slight erosion increased to 566,21 ha (88,03 %).
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Stav organické hmoty v půdě jako indikátor dopadu různých způsobů hospodaření v zemědělské krajině
Severová, Kristýna
The thesis is evaluated of the impact of agrotechnical factors (crop rotation, soil tillage, organic amendment) in the total amount of oxidizable carbon Cox (%). Monitoring proceeded of two log-term stationary fields experiment on alluvial lucian chernozem in a sugar-beet production region. In the first experiment, which took place in 1989 to 2007 was evaluated the impact of two crop rotations (with 33,3 % and 66,6% concetration of cereals) and four methods soil tillage into winter wheat, spring barely and sugar beet. For winter wheat and spring barley, the following soil tillage options were included: 1 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m; 2 - ploughing at depth of 0,15 m; 3 - direct seed into unprocessed soil and 4 - shallow barking at 0,10 m. In sugar beet, the variants were: 1 - ploughing at depth of 0,28 m; 2 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + barking at 0,40 - 0,45 m; 3 - ploughing at depth of 0,28 m + sowing into intercrop; 4 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + sowing into intercrop. In the second experiment which took place in 1977 to 2017 was evaluated the impact of organic amendment on monoculture cereal cultivation (alternating winter wheat and spring barley). Three variants of organic amendment were included: 1 - straw harvest, 2 - straw harvest and green manuring and 3 - straw incorporation. Measurement of Cox content in 2017 was provided in the first and second experiment at the spring barley. The impact of crop rotation on the Cox content was statistically significant. Higher Cox content was recorded in crop rotation with 33, 3 % concetration of cereals (1,71 %), lower in crop rotation with 66,6 % concetration of cereals (1,62 %). The impact of soil tillage on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value (1,70 %) was recorded for variant 2 (with ploughing at depth of 0,15 m in cereals + ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + barking at 0,40 - 0,45 m in sugar beet) and the lowest (1,62 %) for variant 3 (direct seed into unprocessed soil in cereals + ploughing at depth of 0,28 m + sowing into intercrop in sugar beet). Variants 1 and 4 were in the middle position. The impact in the depth of sampling on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value was found at depth of sampling 0,10 – 0,20 m (1,72 %) and the lowest in the depth of sampling 0,20 – 0,30 m (1,59 %). In the second experiment, the effect of organic amendment on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value was found in variant 2 with intercrop and green manuring (2,01 %) and the lowest on variant 1 with straw harvest (1,87 %). With the depth of sampling, content Cox dropped.
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