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Vliv přídavku quercetinu na výskyt kokcidií u králíků
Dvořáčková, Nikola
This thesis investigated the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on the coccidiosis oocyst counts in rabbits. At the same time, it also investigated the impact on weight, daily gains, feed conversation ratio, daily and total consumption, and biochemical blood parameters. The experiment lasted a total of 116 days. Two groups of six piece weaned rabbits each of the Japanese rabbit breed were created. The age of the rabbits was 35–149 days in the experimental group and 31–145 days in the control group. The average weight of rabbits at the beginning of the experiment was 267 g, and at the end, it was 2288 g. A special feed mixture containing 1.9% quercetin was prepa-red for the experimental group. The mixture was added in the amounts of 1, 2, and 4 g per day, depending on their equal weight. The addition of 0.01 – 0.04 g/rabbit/day of the flavonoid quercetin did not have a negative effect on the health status, performance parameters, and biochemical para-meters of the blood. The experimental group had a lower average number of oocysts (EPG) than the control group (quercetin = 328, control = 640). There was a statisti-cally significant effect of quercetin on the number of coccidia oocysts (P < 0.05), pro-bably through its antioxidant effect, supporting immune reactions, and thereby main-taining a healthy intestinal environment. Quercetin can be a potential substance for the prevention of coccidiosis.
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OCCURRENCE AND GENOTYPISATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIES IN OSTRICHES IN FARM BREED
HEJZLAROVÁ, Adéla
Avian cryptosporidiosis is a common parasitic disease caused by unicellular parasites belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium spp. These parasites have been described as a cause of various respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases of humans, farm and wild animals. Total of 204 faecal samples of common ostriches (Struthio camelus) were collected on four ostrich farms in the Czech Republic. Samples were screened for Cryptosporidium presence by microscopy and PCR/sequencing. Overall, 2.5 % (5/204) and 5.9 % (12/204) of animals were positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rRNA, actin and gp60 gene sequences showed the presence of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II (n=7) and C. ubiquitum IXa (n=5). Only ostriches infected with Cryptosporidium avian genotype II shed oocysts that were detectable by microscopy. Oocysts were purified from a pooled sample of four birds, characterised morphometrically and used in experimental infections to determine biological characteristics. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II measure 6.13 × 5.15 m, which is indistinguishable from C. baileyi and C. avium. Cryptosporidium avian genotype II was experimentally infectious for geese (Anser anser f. domestica), chickens (Gallus gallus f. domestica) and cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), with a prepatent period of four, seven and eight days post infection, respectively and not infectious for mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus). The infection intensity ranged from 1,000 to 16,000 oocysts per gram. None of the naturally or experimentally infected birds developed clinical signs in the present study.
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Card of Cryptosporidium infections by humans and animals
BLÁHOVEC, Ondřej
The representatives of the Cryptosporidium genus are one of the causes of gastrointestinal tract diseases in humans and animals. In animals the host may even be a respiratory apparatus. The disease is called cryptosproridiosis. In majority of cases this infection can bypass without any major problems, but in immunosuppressed individuals it can cause serious health problems. Cryptosporidium has a monoxenous development cycle, which basically means that the entire development takes place in a single host. Exogenous stage is represented by oocysts, which are in case of a gastrointestinal disease excreted in faeces. In case of a respiratory disease the oocysts make they way out via respiratory and nasal secretions. This leads to contamination of the environment or water. In general, it is expected that Cryptosporidium isolates, which are present in one class of vertebrates, are not infectious to a non-specific host from other classes. It is also expected that cryptosporidia have low host specificity. But this does not exclude that some kinds have gradually extended its specificity to more species. It is also apparent that cryptosporidium infections are common in animals that inhabit the external environment, so even a human can be endangered by this zoonosis, although the incidence in the Czech Republic is low. The reason for the low numbers may as well be that parasitological examination is not performed very often, so the estimated prevalence in the population is probably much higher. Therefore to reveal the originator of this disease it would be appropriate to perform a parasitological examination in persons who are in contact with animals, this way the cryptosporidium infection would be excluded or proven.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of chickens
PAZDERKOVÁ, Lenka
Taking preventive measures has a major impact on the overall health status of poultry in every breeding and it can prevent considerable economic losses in this way. The aim of this study was to obtain basic knowledge about the occurence of coccidia oocysts in the faeces and the occurrence of pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens after the use of selected feed supplements. Experiment was made during winter 2013 and summer 2014 with 250 specimens of one-day broiler chickens. Four experimental groups (prebiotics, probiotics, homeopathy, coccidiostats) and one control group were created. Treated groups were administered by Selected feed supplements were served to chickens during 14 days since the sixth day of their life. Mixed faeces samples were collected twice a week and processed in the laboratory. Also the frequency of coccidia oocysts was monitored under the light microscope. Intestines were collected during the slaughters of chickens (five pieces from every group) and tested to confirm or disprove pathological changes associated with coccidiosis of poultry. Intestines were collected three times after seven days. The Reduced frequency of occurrence of coccidia oocysts in faeces of chickens in all groups of the winter and the summer trial period was demonstrated, while pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa were not proved.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of hens
PAZDERKOVÁ, Lenka
Poultry farming represents 30 % of meat production worldwide. The occurrence of animal parasites is an enormous problem of poultry farming. This problem is recorded from factory farming as well as from small farming and causes financial losses. The aim of this study was to gain basic data about the occurrence of coccidia oocysts in the excrements of carrier hens. Carrier hens were fed by dietary supplements which were supposed to have influence on native gut microflora composition. This experiment was conducted on 26 individuals of carrier type hens. It was created the experimental and control group (one group consisted of 13 individuals). The experimental group was prebiotics (Biopolym), probiotics (Lactovita) and homeopathic served 14 days in and between each preparation was 14 days interval. The samples of excrements were tested in a laboratory once a week. The decrease of frequency of coccidian oocysts occurrence in the excrements in the experimental and control group was not proved.
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The destiny of oocysts of \kur{Cryptosporidium} spp. in the enviroment in contact with different kinds of invertebrates
KOCIÁNOVÁ, Jitka
This study deals with occurrence, dispersion and destruction of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a particular environment. It therefore focuses on the contact with different kinds of invertebrates. It reveals, how oocysts get to contact with the invertebrates and what happens to them, whether they pass through their body and digestive tract. Next, the study describes, what happens, if the oocysts are excreted because some of the invertebrates could digest and destruct the oocysts and the other invertebrates could act the role of transmitters. The other information is about different methods, which can be used for detecting the oocysts in the environment or in the bodies of different kinds of invertebrates.
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