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Monitoring rozšiřování plantáží palmy olejné v Nikaragui pomocí metod dálkového průzkumu Země
Mezihoráková, Tereza
The first part of this bachelor's thesis is literature research that discusses the expansion of oil palm plantations in Central America, as well as remote sensing and monitoring of forest and agricultural areas using its methods. The practical part deals with the monitoring of oil palm plantations between 2017 and 2022 using satellite data. The analysed area was the Kukra Hill region located in the state of Nicaragua. PlanetScope multispectral images were used for the analysis. First, vegetation indices were calculated, classifications were made, the areas of plantations in the given years were determined and their comparison was made. In 2017, the area of oil palm plantations within the area of interest was 4,109 ha, but of this area, 445 ha disappeared by 2022, so 3,664 ha were preserved from 2017 to 2022. In 2022, the area of plantations was already 8,512 ha, which means that the area of oil palm plantations increased by 4,848 ha between the given years. The used methodology can also be used in other areas with similar geographical conditions, where oil palm plantations are expanding and will contribute to better monitoring of the studied phenomenon.
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Dopady pěstování palmy olejné na ekosystémy lesů ve vybraných zemích
Perutka, Jonáš
This bachelor thesis examines current effects of oil palm breeding on forest ecosystems in Southeast Asia, focusing on two representative countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia. The first part of the thesis describes basic information about oil palm, oil palm breeding and its history. Then defines Southeast Asian macroregion and current state of its forests and biodiversity. Furthermore, describes relationship between the macroregion and oil palm and shows individual effects of the breeding on its local forest ecosystems. The second part analyses individual effects of oil palm breeding in each of the representative countries and names initiatives that are trying to prevent these effects from happening. Further comparison of the results shows which forest ecosystems are affected the most. The last part of the thesis portrays possible proposals and recommendations on how to make oil palm cultivation in the mentioned countries more sustainable and how to protect its forests.
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The effect of tropical land use change on soil-dwelling ants and termites, their interaction and on ecosystem processes they affect
TŮMA, Jiří
In this thesis I explore the role of tropical soil-dwelling ants and termites in driving ecosystem processes, their mutual interaction and their responses to tropical land use change. To do this I use a combination of methods, including a full review of the ant-termite interaction literature, field sampling for ants and termites, DNA barcoding-based inference of ant predation on termites, and creation and implementation of a new protocol for measuring terrestrial bioturbation. I found that the literature mainly documents anecdotal observations of interactions between ants and termites, the vast majority of which are predatory. Many of these appear to be opportunistic predation of termites by non-specific ants, although some ant species have developed sophisticated methods that enable them to specialise on termite predation. My field sampling demonstrated that soil ants and termites are susceptible to habitat degradation, with logging having minimal impacts, but conversion to oil palm affecting both groups to a greater extent. The predation rate of ants on termites differs between ant taxa, but seems to be stable across habitats. Finally, termites are important for soil bioturbation in all habitat types, but overall, this ecosystem function relies only on few species in oil palm plantations, raising concerns about susceptibility of this function to future extinctions. My work emphasizes the importance of maintaining the diversity of these two trophically linked groups for the ecosystem functions they provide.
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Emissions of isoprene by oil palm and their impacts on climate and composition of the atmosphere
Palouš, Daniel ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) serve many physiological and ecophysiological functions in plants, e.g. abiotic or biotic stress protection or signalling. Emission capacity and spectrum of emitted BVOC vary between plant species. Isoprene, having the highest global annual emission among all BVOC, has considerable influence on atmospheric chemistry and its processes. Isoprene contributes to secondary organic aerosol formation. Under specific conditions reaction of isoprene and NOx may lead to ground-level ozone formation. Isoprene also affects oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a rapidly expanding crop and it is a strong isoprene emitter. Most of the global cultivation of oil palm is located in a relatively small region in southeast Asia posing a risk to regional air quality. To prevent ground-level ozone formation, keeping ground-level NOx concentrations low in the regions of oil palm cultivation is crucial. Models of global isoprene emission vary greatly and not all of them take oil palm cultivation in account. The present thesis aims to cover current knowledge on physiological functions of isoprene's synthesis and emission with regard to oil palm cultivation and ecological implications of mentioned processes. The thesis includes also brief...
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Emissions of isoprene by oil palm and their impacts on climate and composition of the atmosphere
Palouš, Daniel ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) serve many physiological and ecophysiological functions in plants, e.g. abiotic or biotic stress protection or signalling. Emission capacity and spectrum of emitted BVOC vary between plant species. Isoprene, having the highest global annual emission among all BVOC, has considerable influence on atmospheric chemistry and its processes. Isoprene contributes to secondary organic aerosol formation. Under specific conditions reaction of isoprene and NOx may lead to ground-level ozone formation. Isoprene also affects oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a rapidly expanding crop and it is a strong isoprene emitter. Most of the global cultivation of oil palm is located in a relatively small region in southeast Asia posing a risk to regional air quality. To prevent ground-level ozone formation, keeping ground-level NOx concentrations low in the regions of oil palm cultivation is crucial. Models of global isoprene emission vary greatly and not all of them take oil palm cultivation in account. The present thesis aims to cover current knowledge on physiological functions of isoprene's synthesis and emission with regard to oil palm cultivation and ecological implications of mentioned processes. The thesis includes also brief...
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