|
|
Vliv vodních nádrží v povodí na odtokové charakteristiky při srážko-odtokových událostech
HOŘEJŠÍ, Štěpán
This bachelor thesis, written as literary research, is focused on one of the most im-portant functions of water reservoirs - water retention. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to show the way water bodies are able to affect the hydrograph during rain-fall-runoff events. The first part of the thesis is focused on water categorization and the hydrological cycle. The next part comprises a detailed description of water res-ervoirs. This includes a list of their key functions and specific types. The history of water reservoirs is also mentioned. The third part is reserved for rainfall-runoff events. Finally, factors affecting water runoff are discussed, followed by an expla-nation of how water bodies affect water regimes. In the end, the influence of water reservoirs on the size and shape of the hydrograph during rainfall-runoff events is described.
|
|
|
The evaluation of nitrate concentrations in linkage with precipitation and water runoff in particular subcatchments of the Kopaninský stream.
HUDCOVÁ, Ivana
Diploma work deals with evaluation of nitrate concentration on trial on rainfall and runoff on partial profiles of Kopaninsky stream. From chemical point of view nitrates are nitric acid salts (e.g. potassium or soda salts) and forms natural part of vegetable and animal masses (metabolism product). At common concentration is not harmful. Nitrates in bodies they can chemical change on nitrite and then further on nitrosamines (organic matters containing nitrogen in its molecule) with carcinogenic effects. Measuring on monitoring profiles past over fortnightly. Strong seasonal progress of nitrate concentrations is perceptible. Highest nitrate concentrations were measured mostly in spring and lowest concentrations in autumn. Maximum nitrate concentration on whole catchment achieves the value 181 mg.l-1 and minimum nitrate concentration achieves the value 0.5mg.l-1. There is nearly no influence on nitrate concentrations by a rainfall. Mostly nitrate concentrations in this catchment gently heighten or stay the same after rainfall, which witness about the fact, that pollution has areal character. As is the influence of land use on runoff in literature described, wasn't this influence in observed micro catchments proved.
|
|
|
Analýza srážko-odtokových procesů a erozních charakteristik vybraného povodí při různém uspořádání krajiny
VANČUROVÁ, Lenka
The diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of rainfall-runoff processes and erosion characteristics of selected catchment in different landscape management. This analysis was solved at the Lukavecký brook catchment, which is located in the Pelhřimov district in Vysočina region. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the rainfall-runoff process and then focuses more on individual processes. It also characterizes water erosion, its consequences, forms and erosion control. At the end of the theoretical part are described methods of calculation of water runoff and water erosion. The practical part describes the catchment of the Lukavecký brook, its characteristics of natural conditions and the threat of water erosion. Then there is a procedure for processing of bases and data in the program ArcGIS. Subsequently, it includes an assessment of the different measures and changes in the type of land to drain water from the catchment and erosion threat.
|
|
|
Factors affecting the water discharge from the river basin during rainfall-runoff events
TICHÁČEK, Pavel
This thesis focuses on the factors affecting runoff water from the basin during the rainfall-runoff events. Work begins by describing the circulation of water in nature and continues with hydrological balance. Next chapter is the formation of precipitation and water runoff, in which the water outflow is divided into surface and subsurface. In the work is characterized runoff process and there are described factors that affect water runoff from the watershed. The last part describes the possibility of using these factors for creating erosion and flood control.
|
|
|
Analysis of factors affecting a direct runoff from the catchment area
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
This diploma thesis follows my bachelor thesis. The main purpose of the bachelor thesis was to clarify fundamental terms and to explain the sorting of particular parts of a direct flow that involves both the surface saturated flow and the hypodermic flow. This diploma thesis is focusing on the origin of direct flow in a river basin. Specifically, it deals with river sub-basin P6, P52, and P53, which are located in Kopaninský potok river basin. Furthermore, it deals with Jenín I. and II. river basins and the last analysed is Ostřice river basin (SO2). Factors influencing direct flow are researched on all river basins. It is impossible to say that the origin of direct flow is caused solely by a single factor; it is always the result of multiple factors. Among these factors belongs the atmospheric precipitation, type of soil, vegetation, climatic and anthrophogenic conditions, land use, and inclination of the area. The bachelor thesis explains the issues of multiple methods of flow separation, but this diploma thesis is primarily focused on two methods for calculation of ratio between the direct and the total flow. 1) Empirical method GROUND, which is used to separate hydrographs of medium daily river basin flow. 2) Method of digital filter by Lyne Hollick separate fast and slowcomponents from the overall concentrated flow and are based on the theory od signal analysis. Afterwards, the results of flow separation were compared to the factors influencing the origin of the direct flow. The daily total flow rates for every analysed river basin were used as the input data for calculating the flow separation.
|
|
|
Direct run-off - formation and separation methods
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor´s thesis occupies with an issue of a direct flow. The main purpose is the explanation of the basic terms of the issue and the explanation of the sorting of particular parts of a direct flow, that involves a surface saturated flow and a hypodermic flow. Subsequently the thesis describes its participation in the hydrogeological cycle, which means the participation in the permanent circulation of a surface and underground water on Earth. The extreme precipitations are dangerous due to their force, total sum and intensity. The inception of hydrological occurrences like floods or dry seasons is possible owing to this. The fallen precipitations have a big influence on a surface flow and a transportation of soil particles. The thesis is focused on the inception and the genesis of a direct flow. Further it focuses on the factors that influence the flow. Among these factors belong climatic and anthrophogenic conditions, vegetation, type of soil and atmospheric precipitations. There are clarified selected methods of potential separation which are explained and described in detail. This part of the issue mentions CN curve method, GROUNG method, MPGM, analysis of dropped subdivisions and finally method of digital filter (Chapman). These methods divides the flow on an elemental flow and direct flow.
|
|
| |
|
|
Methods of runoff components separation
KUBEŠ, Ondřej
The paper deals with monitoring and measurement of runoff. This is particularly important to identify water supplies in the catchment area, or timely detection of extreme hydrological events such as floods and droughts, and because of the potential rate of spread of pollutants. The value of the runoff is particularly important for irrigation needs for agriculture. Further work is focused on the individual components of runoff, the methods used for their separation and a detailed description of various types of runoff. The practical part includes measurement of the discharge at the Jennínsky stream catchment, located near the border with Austria, the Český Krumlov district. For analyses discharge from the hydrological years 2005 ? 2008 was chosen. And using the three selected methods of separation (method GROUND, method and method MPGM digital filter according to Chapman), which are further described and explained. These methods divide runoff into the baseflow component and direct runoff component. These results are further compared with the method of reccesion curve analyses performed on four events. The work should show the differences in results of various methods.
|
guest ::
