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Trends in sulphur and nitrogen occult deposition across the Northern Hemisphere
Švorc, Daniel ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to collect data of concentrations and depositions of sulfur and nitrogen from occult precipitation, using the research of available scientific publications. Through atmospheric deposition are pollutants from air transported into other environmental spheres. It has two main components: dry (which takes place mainly by gravitational processes and its ongoing) and wet (which takes place in the presence of precipitations). Wet component consist of vertical and occult parts, representing the types of precipitations. Establishing total wet deposition encounter a problem in establishing a occult deposition. Problem is, in particular, setting of deposition flux, for which it is necessary to determinate a number of parameters. A considerable part of studies, therefore, do not examine the deposition itself, because of complexity of assessment, but examines chemical composition of fog, low clouds and rime, which is proportionally related to values of occult deposition. Most studies were examining from occult precipitation a fog, especially at higher altitudes, where due to the more frequent occurrence, significant contribute to the total atmospheric wet deposition. Occult precipitations are in longer contact with vegetation, and unlike the rainfall, are surrounded whole leaf,...
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Trends in sulphur and nitrogen occult deposition across the Northern Hemisphere
Švorc, Daniel ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to collect data of concentrations and depositions of sulfur and nitrogen from occult precipitation, using the research of available scientific publications. Through atmospheric deposition are pollutants from air transported into other environmental spheres. It has two main components: dry (which takes place mainly by gravitational processes and its ongoing) and wet (which takes place in the presence of precipitations). Wet component consist of vertical and occult parts, representing the types of precipitations. Establishing total wet deposition encounter a problem in establishing a occult deposition. Problem is, in particular, setting of deposition flux, for which it is necessary to determinate a number of parameters. A considerable part of studies, therefore, do not examine the deposition itself, because of complexity of assessment, but examines chemical composition of fog, low clouds and rime, which is proportionally related to values of occult deposition. Most studies were examining from occult precipitation a fog, especially at higher altitudes, where due to the more frequent occurrence, significant contribute to the total atmospheric wet deposition. Occult precipitations are in longer contact with vegetation, and unlike the rainfall, are surrounded whole leaf,...
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Approaches to quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime
Šrédlová, Kamila ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize available approaches for quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime. Atmospheric deposition is a complex of processes by which pollutants are transferred from the air to the earth's surface and therefore it contributes to the atmosphere's self-cleaning. At the same time it represents an input of these pollutants to other components of the environment. Atmospheric deposition consists of dry deposition, which occurs in the absence of precipitation, and wet deposition, which occurs during precipitation. Wet deposition further consists of a vertical component (rain, snow, hail) and an occult component (fog, rime, hoarfrost). The common approach to quantifying total deposition nowadays is simply combining dry plus vertical wet deposition. But when applying this approach and neglecting occult deposition we are likely to substantially underestimate the true total deposition (e.g. Hůnová et al., 2011). This means we don't know the actual amount of pollutants transferred to the environment. The importance of occult deposition rises with increasing altitude (Lange et al., 2003). Occult precipitation also often contains higher concentrations of ions and stays longer in contact with the vegetation than vertical precipitation. There are...
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