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Nursing physical examination in surgical nursing care.
SRBOVÁ, Klára
Current Status: The physical examination is an essential component of patient assessment, contributing to accurate diagnosis. It encompasses techniques such as inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, and digital rectal examination. Thesis Objectives: This study aims to delineate nursing actions in conducting physical examinations and highlight disparities in performing these assessments within surgical nursing settings. Methodology: A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews. The interview cohort comprised 8 nurses working in various surgical wards. Furthermore, a quantitative survey, comprising open, semi-open, or closed questions, was selected and included 169 respondents practicing across diverse surgical units. Data collection was conducted online, and participant selection was guided by data saturation. Thesis Findings: Interviews underscored nurses' adeptness in conducting physical examinations and their awareness of nuances that vary across departments. Most respondents (42.6%) hailed from traditional surgical units. A significant portion held a bachelor's degree (45.6%), and the prevalent experience range within surgical wards was 0-10 years (56.8%). Notably, 73.4% of patient admissions involved collaborative data collection between nurses and physicians. During physical examinations, 85.2% of nurses helped, and 97.6% performed assessments within their respective units. Inspection, olfaction, and assessment of consciousness consistently fell under nursing purview. Palpation and auscultation were infrequently conducted by nurses, with digital rectal examinations being exceedingly rare. Physical examination by a nurse varies from one surgical department to another. A relationship between the palpation and consciousness examination and the surgical ward in which she works has been demonstrated. Physical examination by a nurse varies with length of experience. There was a relationship between palpation examination and length of experience in the surgical department. Physical examination varies with the age of nurses. A relationship between percusion and consciousness examinationand and the age of the nurse has been demonstrated. Conclusion: In summary, nursing-conducted physical examinations is performed by the nurse within the scope of her competence and align with departmental needs and resources, reflecting the specific care context. The findings emphasize the collaborative nature of patient assessment and shed light on areas where nursing participation may be enhanced.
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He decided to become a nurse
Mrázková, Vendula ; Dvořáčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
This diploma thesis "He decided to become a Nurse" discusses men who decided to enter a heavily feminized profession, studied nursing at secondary school or followed up secondary education with higher education - either at a college or in a bachelor's or master's program at a university's medical faculty, and currently work in a medical facility in the Czech Republic as a nurse. Qualitative research conducted with communication partners using semi- structured interviews investigated what was behind this decision to choose a profession that is usually perceived as feminine, what expectations the men had, and whether these expectations were fulfilled or changed during the practice. The results of the work could serve, among other things, also for personnel officers and personnel of health facilities or head nurses of hospitals to understand the problem of shortage or turnover of male nurses.
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Nurse Work Management in Septic Orthopedics
HRACHOVÁ, Jana
Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the work management of the nurse in septic orthopaedics from the point of view of the nurse and patient as the recipient of care. Since the operative medicine goes generally very fast ahead and surgeries are performed in different terrain, often in infected or potentially infected areas, the surgical wound can be infected by microorganisms from outside or inside. Therefore, it is essential that nurses working with such patients should know the management of the work on the patient with infectious complications. The aim of the work is to map the management of the nurse's work in septic orthopaedics. To achieve this, 3 hypotheses and 4 research questions were set. To achieve the aim, quantitative research was used in the form of questionnaires for nurses who encounter patients with septic diagnosis or complications in their work. 365 questionnaires were included in the research. The qualitative research was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with 9 participants who met the inclusion criteria. It can be said that although septic orthopaedic patients come in contact with nurses in all types of hospitals across the republic, it cannot be said that there is a single model in the provision of care. The truth is that the provision of care depends on the education, the length of the nurse's practice, but also on the type of hospital where the patient is hospitalized. A qualitative research survey found that the most important factor for patients is not the way of providing care, but the human approach to them, communication with them and the time that the staff is willing to devote to them. A happier patient is the one to whom the staff is dedicated. In conclusion, we would like to say that septic orthopaedics from the perspective of the nurse work management is under-discussed and it would be advisable to change this.
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Time frame of the work of nurses in a standard workplace
POSTLOVÁ, Kristina
The bachelor thesis discusses the time frame of the work of general nurses in a standard workplace. The theoretical part describes information about the practice of the profession and education in the field of general nursing (conditions for the practice of the profession, qualification, specialization and lifelong education). Furthermore, the specifics of the profession of a general nurse are described, including competencies, the nursing care provided by general nurses is defined, and the documentation of health service providers, which is maintained by general nurses, is also presented. The next part of the bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of work in nursing, presents its methodology (time frame of the working day, observation, interview), which will be used for the development of the research part of the work. The tools used to measure the workload of general nurses in a standard workplace are also compared with the same tools used in intensive care units. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what activities a general nurse performs during a shift, including the time-consuming nature of these activities, and the subsequent mapping of work optimization topics proposed by observed general nurses at a standard workplace. The research part is implemented using a qualitative research method, where the research sample consists of general nurses from a selected standard workplace. Using a semi-structured observation of a time frame of the work of general nurses, time data is collected about the time used for individual activities performed. Through a semi-structured interview, general nurses' suggestions for optimizing work at a standard workplace in terms of time are ascertained.
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The nurse's role in the education of patients on surgical ward
KUBEŠOVÁ, Miroslava
The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis defines the role of a nurse-educator, the education reality consisting of the educational process, constructs, and the environment, it also concentrates on more particular introduction of the individual education topics in the pre-surgery and the post-surgery periods on a surgical ward. Four research goals were set in the empiric part of the thesis. The goals of the thesis were to find out in what ways nurses educated patients in the pre-surgery and the post-surgery periods. Further goals were to map the educational needs of patients before and after the surgery. The qualitative research form and the technique of semi-structured interviews conducted with nurses from a surgery department and patients before and after a planned surgery were chosen for the implementation of a significant part of the thesis. The criterion for the selection of respondents was that they should be patients of a surgery department with planned hospitalization longer than 2 days. The same patients were also interviewed during the post-operation period. The criterion for the selection of the nurses-respondents was that they had really worked at the standard ward of a surgery department for more than 3 months. The research sample set consisted of 9 nurses and 5 patients. Final categories and subcategories were defined based on the analyses of the carried our interviews. Educational material was prepared based on the research carried out with the patients and the nurses as the outcome from this bachelor thesis. The material was prepared in a form that enables its availability for a patient for the whole time of hospitalization. The use of the educational material can support the patient education on the surgical ward.
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Food intolerances and allergies in children from the perspective of nursing staff
KREJSOVÁ, Lucie
Food intolerance is a condition where there is an absence of a substance or a group of substances that under physiological conditions help to process food. Food intolerances are manifested by a wide range of symptoms and can be caused by a number of factors. If a child develops a food intolerance, his organism is unable to digest and process the given food due to the absence of a certain substance, and thus a number of clinical symptoms arise, which in most cases concern several organ systems. In contrast to food allergy, food intolerance is directly dependent on the amount of the inciting substance ingested and the onset of clinical symptoms. For food intolerances in less sensitive individuals, even a trace amount of the problematic food may not cause any clinical symptoms. It is even recommended that a child patient who suffers from food intolerance does not follow an elimination diet, but should include a small amount of the problem food in the diet. This is to prevent the maintenance of unwanted sensitization. Among the well-known symptoms of food intolerance are diarrhea, abdominal pain, but less well-known symptoms include fatigue, headaches, migraines or musculoskeletal problems. For the treatment of lactose intolerance are dietary supplements currently available on the market, which are taken with food and contain lactase, an enzyme that helps break down lactose (milk sugar), so the patient can also consume foods that contain lactose. Currently, it is still difficult to understand the pathophysiology of some food intolerances, and for that reason they can be dangerous in children. On the other hand, food allergy is a condition where an inappropriate and unwanted reaction of the child patient's immune system occurs. The development of food allergy is influenced by the genetic predisposition of the child patient, but also by his environment. Food allergies can cause mild, but also very serious body reactions. Therefore, unlike food intolerance, it is recommended to follow an elimination diet and avoid even trace amounts of the allergen. Food allergies can cause a life-threatening condition called anaphylactic shock, which can lead to the subsequent death of a child patient. Therefore, it is important that such patients follow a strict diet and that their surroundings, including parents and nursing staff, know the typical symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Clinical symptoms of food allergy include problems with the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory problems or skin symptoms, which include atopic dermatitis. Breastfeeding and the nutrition of a lactating mother play an important role in the prevention of food allergy, because important microbial colonization of the child's intestines occurs during breastfeeding. For children, it is important to know that food allergies disappear spontaneously in most of them over time, most often around school age. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out how nurses care for a child patient who suffers from a food allergy or intolerance and to find out what knowledge nurses have about food allergies and intolerances. Qualitative research was conducted using a semi-structured interview method. For better processing, the interviews were anonymously recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed into written form. The results of the qualitative investigation were analyzed using the pencil and paper method. Furthermore, the results were categorized into five categories. Categorization: Symptoms, Food allergies, Knowledge, Anaphylactic shock, Specifics of nursing care. The categories are further divided systematically according to the resulting answers of the female respondents into another eleven subcategories. The results are clearly divided into tables and schemas. The research showed that nurses know the specifics of nursing care for children with food allergies or intolerances, but the mapped knowledge of nurses about food allergies and intolerances is insufficient.
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Professional experience from the perspective of a nursing student
ŠKRDLETOVÁ, Adéla
Introduction: The thesis focuses on the issue of general nurse education. In greater detail, it focuses on professional nursing practice. Educating nurses is necessary to ensure a high-quality and safe care. Practical teaching makes up a large portion of pre-gradual education, that is why it is necessary to give it the much-needed attention. Students acquire both theoretical and practical knowledge as well as experience during their practice, which are necessary for their future profession. The aim of this thesis: The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to research the students´ opinions related to professional nursing practice. Methodology: To reach the set goals, a qualitative research method was used. Data collection was implemented via a semi-structured interview with general nursing students at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the University of South Bohemia. The interviews were divided into three categories for better clarity and the total amount of questions were 28. The acquired answers were analysed using open coding. Results: Results have proven that the students´ expectations are rather positive and rely in improving oneself in practical skills, acquiring independence via practice, acquiring self-esteem and a greater knowledge when choosing a future job. Cooperating with nursing staff relies on an individual level, influenced mainly by the nurse´s personality. The experience of students in their practical courses is positive, neutral as well as negative, influenced mainly by the staff and their interest in students, type of ward, mentoring, stress as well as ward equipment. Conclusion: Results have proven that students at professional practice need to be given the necessary attention. Student happiness is an important factor that should be a common primary interest in both, teachers and staff.
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Palliative nursing care for a patient with pancreatic cancer
ŠAŠKOVÁ, Karolína
The bachelor's thesis, which is called Palliative nursing care for a patient with pancreatic cancer, is divided into two parts - for the theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, I deal with the definition of "palliative nursing care", its history, the difference between general and specialized palliative nursing care, the goals of palliative care are described, the role of the nurse is described, and the specifics of palliative nursing care are discussed. The second part of the theoretical part focuses on the definition of pancreatic cancer, etiology, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis and TNM classification. In the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, the results of qualitative research are presented, where I find answers to research questions that are important for the research goals. The aim of this work is to find out what are the specifics of nursing in the terminal stage, whether nurses make differences in nursing in certain stages of the disease, how they maintain mental health and whether they have the opportunity to fulfill the patient's spiritual wishes. The research is carried out through a semi-structured interview, which is conducted with the nurses of the internal medicine and oncology departments. The research shows that the specifics of palliative nursing care depend on the nurses' emotions, nursing care in certain stages of the disease is conditioned by the cooperation of the patient, and that mental hygiene is very important for nurses and its fulfillment is achieved through physical activities. Finally, it is found that the fulfillment of the patient's spiritual needs depends on the availability of the given need. This work provides readers with information regarding palliative nursing care for patients with pancreatic cancer in practice. It helps to understand the burden that nurses experience both psychologically and physically when caring for palliative patients. In addition, this information can offer nurses ideas and advice on maintaining mental health and possible changes in the approach to palliative care.
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The possibilities of home care from the perspective of nurses and the general public
PEŇÁSOVÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis is focused on the awareness of nurses and the general public about the services of home health care agencies. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the issue of home care and the characteristics of the role of nurses in home care. The results obtained in the research investigation are processed and evaluated in the practical part. Four objectives have been chosen for the bachelor thesis which focus on the awareness of nurses and the general public about the possibilities of home care. The research part was divided into four groups. First two groups were focused on nurses, where nurses from inpatient sectors were in the first group of respondents and nurses from outpatient sectors were in the second group. The other two groups were aimed at the general public, with the third group of respondents being the general public and the fourth group being clients currently treated by a home care agency. To meet the objectives, a semi-structured interview was chosen which included eighteen questions for nurses and twelve questions for patients. It is evident from the results focused on the group of nurses, that only nurses who are directly involved in the process, have detailed information about home care options. Furthermore, in the inpatient wards, nurses perceives lack of time and unresolved contractual relations with insurance companies as major barriers in the process of referring clients to home care agencies. From the results aimed at a group of the general public who have never personally encountered the service, awareness is very marginal. In contrast, clients treated by a home care agency have a greater awareness. Submitted thesis provides a better understanding of home care, identifies gaps in awareness among nurses and the general public, highlights the problems encountered during the collaboration between the home care agency and the referring facility.
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