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Interactive processes in the care of the patient in a surgical department.
RŮŽIČKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor's thesis deals with the problematic of interaction processes while treating a patient on a surgical ward. It is divided into two parts. Topics of social interaction and social communication, together with the most frequent positive and negative interactions are discussed in the theoretical part. Further on, factors influencing interaction between a nurse and a patient, and specifics of treatment on a surgical ward, are being dealt with. Four goals were set for research described in this bachelor's thesis. The first goal is to find out, whether nurses do realize the mutual interaction between patients and them. The second goal is focused on the most frequent positive interactions in treatment of a patient on a surgical ward. The third goal is to get information on the most frequent negative interactions at taking care of a patient on a surgical ward. The last goal was set on patients' evaluation of nurses' interactive behavior. Based on these goals, four research questions were raised. For the empirical part, qualitative approach was chosen, and collecting of data was performed in three phases. The main design of the qualitative research for this thesis was a semi-structured interview, and observation. The test sample were seven nurses working on a Surgical Ward C of FN Plzeň hospital, and seven patients hospitalized on the same ward at time the of the research. The intention of the semi-structured interview with the nurses was to find out, what knowledge they have on interactions, and interactional processes in nursing care, and if the realize the interaction between them and their patients. Through observation we tried to find, what are the most frequent positive and negative interactions, the nurses make when taking care of a patient on a surgical ward. Based on the observation results, a method of semi-structured interview, where the patients evaluated the surgical ward nurses' interactional behavior, was carried out, as the next step of this research. The nurses' interview results were analyzed and processed using the coding method. Several charts with complete or incomplete quotations taken from the interviews were added for better clarity. The interviews show, the nurses don't have sufficient information on interaction and interactional processes, but are able to identify and sometimes even recognize the positive and negative interactions they make when taking care of a patient, but most of the time only after they have left the patient. All the information acquired through observation were written into the observation sheet, and basic data on interaction were sorted in charts to obtain clear arrangement. Rest of the information were described and compared with quotations from following interviews with the patients. These interviews and observations show, that unlike the observer, the patient can see particularly the positive interactional behavior of a nurse. And in case the patients saw some negative interactions, they were trying to pardon it regarding the work overload of those nurses. The observation also points that arising of negative interactions from the nurses' side is caused partly by the nurses having several shifts in a row, by performing the same tasks again and again through the day, by personal preference of a nurse to the specific task, and partly also by the patient himself. From the data obtained and evaluated during the first phase of the research can be concluded, the nurses have very little knowledge on interactions and interactional processes in nursing care. The other phases show, that even though the nurses do have a certain "interactional behavior" encoded in them, we presume that if they had the opportunity to acquire more information, and particularly the opportunity to see themselves in certain situations, they would realize where they make mistakes, and they could work on preventing them in future.
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